秦岭南坡洛源锐齿栎林生物量及其营养元素积累

A Study on Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation of Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata Stand at Luoyuan in South Slope of Qinling Mts

对陕西秦岭东部南坡洛南县洛源镇黑章台林场具有代表性的锐齿栎林的生物量及营养元素积累量测定结果表明：秦岭洛源44年生锐齿栎林生物量为292.643 t/hm2,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层和枯枝落叶层分别占95.52%、1.24%、0.21%和3.03%;乔木层中叶片、枝条、树皮、树干和根系分别占该层的1.91%、12.73%、10.74%、51.13%和23.49%;林下植被层中灌木层和草本层分别占该层的85.58%和14.42%;枯枝落叶层中未分解枝、未分解叶和分解枝落叶现存量分别占该层的15.10%、32.61%和52.29%。包括0~60 cm土层的44年生锐齿栎林营养元素总贮藏量达312.421 2 t/hm2,土壤层的占98.82%;植被中乔木层、灌木层、草本层和枯枝落叶层的营养元素积累量分别占植被总量的87.99%、3.26%、0.82%和7.94%;乔木层中N、P、K、Ca、Mg积累量分别占该层的21.35%、2.25%、20.05%、52.90%和3.46%,叶片、枝条、树皮、树干和根系营养元素积累量分别占该层的7.25%、12.54%、30.27%、36.96%和12.98%。林分密度、年龄、海拔、类型等不仅影响林分生物量现存量及其营养元素积累量,而且影响生态系统的物质循环和能量流动。叶片、树皮、枯枝落叶和土壤在锐齿栎林营养生物小循环中意义重大。

Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata stand is representative forestry in Heizhangtai tree farm, Luoyuan Town, Luonan Country, southern slope of Eastern Qinling Mts, Shannxi Province. In this paper, the biomass and nutrients accumulation of Quercus aliena vat. acuteserrata stand was analyzed. Result showed that the biomass of 44 - year - old Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata stand at Luoyuan of Qinling Mts was 292. 643 t/hm2, among them arbor layer, shrub layer, herb layer and litter layer accounted for 95.52%, 1.24%, 0. 21% and 3.03%, respec- tively. In the arbor layers, the biomass of leaves, branches, bark, trunk and roots accounted for 1.91%,12.73%, 10. 74%, 51. 13% and 23.49%, respectively; in the understory vegetation layer, the biomass of shrub and herb layers accounted for 85.58% and 14. 42% , respectively. In the litter layer the biomass of undecomposed sticks, undecomposed leaves and decomposed leaves accounted for 15.10% , 32.61% and 52.29% respectively. The totally contained storage nutrients of 44 - year - old Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata stand, including 0 - 60 cm depth soil reached to 312. 421 2 t/hm2. The storage of soil layer accounting for 98.82%. The nutrient accumu- lations of arbor, shrub, herb and litter layer accounted for 3.26%, 0. 82% and 7.94%, respectively. Among the arbor layer, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg accumulation accounted for 21.35%, 2.25%, 20.05%, 52.90% and 3.46%, respectively, and the nutrient accumulation of leaves, branches, bark, trunk and roots accounted for 7.25%, 12.54%, 30.27%, 36.96% and 12.98%, respectively. The density, age, altitude, type, etc. of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata stand not merely affected the biomass and nutrients accumulation, but affected the nutrient cycling and energy flow of the ecosystems. In this context, the sharptooth oak＇s leaves, bark, litter and soil play an important role in nutrient bio-cycling of the stand.