冷战前期美国对东南亚的援助政策变化——以湄公河大坝建设为视角

The Evolution of United States Development Assistance Policies toward Southeast Asia during the early period of the Cold War: Perspective of the Mekong River Dams Construction

二战后美国关于第三世界发展问题的设想中,田纳西河流域管理局(TVA)的开发模式扮演了重要的角色,其中修建大坝和发电站等宏大项目,被视为应对共产主义扩张的手段和第三世界国家走向繁荣的一种路径。基于冷战地缘政治因素的考虑,美国在20世纪50年代介入了湄公河建坝活动,并在60年代成为主要的援助国。到70年代中期,随着美国从越南的撤出及其援助理念的转变,加之受环境政治等因素的影响,美国停止了对湄公河建坝项目的支持。

The program pattern of Tennessee Valley Authority（ TVA） had an important influence on the conception of the U.S in the developing issues of Third World countries during the Post-World War II. Especially the megaprojects such as the programs of building dams and power stations were taken as an approach to contain the expansion of communism and promote the Third World countries to thrive. Largely actuated by the Cold War geopolitical factors,the U.S participated in the dam-building programs of the Mekong River in the 1950 s,and became one of the most important donor countries in the1960 s. However,with its withdrawal from Vietnam and the changing of its foreign aid concept,and influenced by the environmental politic factors to some extent,the U.S suspended its support to the dam-building programs of Mekong River in the mid-1970 s.