生产性服务业自由化对微观企业出口的机制研究与实证考察

Does Producer Services Liberalization Exert Effects on Micro-enterprises'Export Performance?

近年来许多国家对服务业放松管制的力度加大,服务业自由化的程度逐步加深。出口企业将运输、能源和通信等生产性服务作为其生产和出口过程的中间投入,本文将生产性服务业自由化和微观企业的出口表现相联系,基于目前实证中较少使用的服务业自由化指数(ETCR),结合跨国的微观企业面板数据,从理论和实证系统考察生产性服务业自由化对微观企业出口的影响。结果表明,生产性服务业自由化对企业出口密集度提高有显著的促进作用。这一结果在考虑了国家不同收入水平、企业出口密集度差异等因素之后仍然是稳健的。此外,本文利用分部门的ETCR指数回归结果表明航空运输、通信、电力、天然气、邮政以及铁路、公路运输等服务部门的自由化对企业出口均有正向作用,其中以通信部门的影响最大。

Recently, service liberalization is deepening in many countries. Energy, telecommunications and transport services are intermediate goods frequently used by the firms which focus on exporting. This paper investigates the relationship between the producer services liberalization and micro-enterprises＇ export performance. We investigate the impact on enterprises＇ export from producer services liberalization based on both theoretical and empirical analysis. The empirical analysis relies on service liberalization indicator and detailed multinational firm-level panel data. We demonstrate the powerful contribution of reforms in producer services to the export intensity. The empirical findings are also robust after taking national income levels and firms＇ export intensity into account. We find that airline, telecommunications, energy, post and transport reforms all have significantly positive effects on the export intensity of firms. The results also show that the effect of telecommunications liberalization is stronger.