城陵矶早期(远古-公元1839年)港口活动研究

Research on Early Port Activities of Chenglingji from Ancient to 1839 AD

陵矶港口早期(远古-公元1839年)就存在活动。水运事业迅速发展促进了岳州商路的兴起,而岳阳的风景名胜也扩大了城陵矶港口的影响。随着船舶进出口量的扩大,宋太祖建隆三年(公元962年),湖南道行营慕容延钊攻占岳州后,正式在城陵矶设立巡检,城陵矶港成为宋代荆湖南北路茶叶运输的主要通道。元世祖忽必烈统一中国后,在湖广行省的长江设有江水站十二个,城陵矶站便是其中之一。明太祖元年(公元1368年)三月,湖广行省参政杨景定岳州后,屯兵城陵矶。另设岳州递运所和水驿于城陵矶,岳州递运所和水驿在城陵矶设有固定船只与夫役,使城陵矶港一跃而为岳州的中心港口,随后又成为荆湘漕粮的中转港。至此,城陵矶港的经济地位日臻突出。

Chenglingji port had activities in the early time（from ancinent to 1839 AD）. The rapid development of waterborne career promoted the rise of Yuezhou trade routes, and the places of interest of Yueyang expanded the influence of Chenglingji port. As the imports and exports of ships increased, in 962 AD, Murong yanzhao of Hunan officer occupied Yuezhou and established officially organization for inspection in Chenglingji. Chenglingji port had become the main channel for transporting tea in north and south road of Jinghu of Song Dynasty. After unified China, Kublai Khan set up twelve river stations in Changjiang of Hubei and Hunan, Chenglingji station was one of them. AD 1368, the officer of Hubei and Hunan named Yang Jing lived in Yuezhou in March. He assembled many soldiers in Chenglingji and founded Yuezhou Diyunsuo where delivering official materials and military supplies and water station with fixed ships and staffs in Chenglingji, which made Chenglingji become a center port in Yuezhou and intermediate port of grain in Jingxiang. Now, economic status of Chenglingji port has becoming more and more impotant.