小儿重症脑干脑炎的早期识别及治疗

Early recognition and treatment of children with severe brainstem encephalitis

目的探讨重症脑干脑炎患儿的临床特点，对其诊断及治疗方法进行分析。方法随机选取许昌市中心医院2012年9月至2014年5月收治的重症脑干脑炎患儿24例，对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，对其临床特征、诊断方法及治疗方法进行总结分析。结果本研究部分患儿存在面部神经麻痹或外展神经麻痹表现，个别患儿出现单侧肢体麻痹，其中70．83％表现为单侧脑神经受累，62．50％表现为单侧锥体柬征；多数患儿存在不同程度的脑脊液改变表现，91．67％患儿均表现为脑电图异常。结论小儿重症脑干脑炎是一种急危重症，应加强对其临床特征、诊治规律的认识，以有效控制患儿病情的发展，保障患儿的生命安全。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with severe brainstem encephalitis and analyze its diagnosis and treatment methods. Methods Twenty-four children with severe brainstem encephalitis were randomly selected from September 2012 to May 2014 in Xuchang central hospital. Clinical data of children with severe brainstem were retrospectively analyzed. And the clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment methods were summarized and analyzed. Results In this study, most of sick children all existed facial nerve paralysis or abdueent nerve paralysis, of the children, 70. 83% of unilateral cranial nerve involvement, 62. 50% of unilateral pyramid sign. Most children had different degrees of cerebrospinal fluid changes, and 91.67% of children showed abnormal ECG. Conclusions Severe brainstem encephalitis of children is a kind of emergency and severe disease. We should strengthen its clinical features and regularities of diagnosis and treatment to control development of children＇s conditions effectively and ensure children＇s life safety.