FDI对中国工业生态效益的影响

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Chinese Industrial Ecological Benefits

本文研究的主要目标是探究1999-2013年间FDI对我国工业生态效益的影响。首先,根据构建的工业生态效益指标体系,测算了我国总体及各省区工业生态效益值。发现除2008年底世界金融危机导致次年的工业生态效益有小幅下降外,总体上呈现上升态势。各省区态势在空间上呈现由东南向西北递减的趋势。其次,选取我国29个省、市、自治区的面板数据,以中国加入WTO(2002年)和十七大提出生态文明理念(2007年)为时间节点,分地区、分时间段实证检验FDI对我国区域工业生态效益的影响。结果表明,FDI对我国工业生态效益的影响存在着区域差异性。中国加入WTO后,FDI在东部与中部均有显著的正相关性,在西部却无显著影响。这主要是由于西部投资环境、距离市场空间距离较长、生态环境薄弱、投资限制较多等因素,导致FDI在西部较少。十七大首次提出生态文明建设理念,我国吸引外资时,会更倾向于选择更加环保、清洁的企业,提高工业生态效益。环境污染治理投资占GDP比重对我国工业生态效益的提升效果不是很明显。东、中、西部地区教育水平对工业生态效益的影响较为明显。其中,西部地区教育资源虽然并不发达,但国家有各类支援西部的计划,致使西部高素质劳动力有所增加。全国、东部、中部平均工资与工业生态效益均呈现显著正相关,西部地区随着西部大开发战略的实施,十七大之后,对工业生态效益的促进作用明显增强。在今后的发展中,应针对各地区区位优势进行针对性的开放政策,而不是单纯的由于地理上的东中西依次进行分阶段的改革开放,针对不同的地区,可进行开放试点,利用自身的优势来吸引外资,提高生态效益,改善生态环境。

This article focuses on the impact of FDI on the Chinese industrial ecological benefits from 1999 to 2013. First,according to the index system of the industrial ecological benefits that has been built,Chinese total and provincial value of the industrial ecological benefits can be estimated. Also,it can show a rising trend in general,excluding that the slight reduction of industrial ecological benefits in the following year caused by financial crisis in 2008. The provincial trend is demonstrated to be decreasing,from the southeast to the northwest in China. Second,starting with two specific time nodes,2002,in which China entered into WTO,and2007,in which the notion of ecological civilization was proposed in the Seventeenth CPC National Congress,we select the panel data from 29 provinces,cities,and autonomous regions in China; furthermore,we have empirical tests on the impact of FDI on the industrial ecological benefits in different places and at different times. The study suggests that the impact of FDI on Chinese industrial benefits is regionally different. Since China＇s entering into WTO,FDI＇has a positive impact on the industrial ecological benefits in the east,and the middle; however,it has no significant impact in the west. This is mainly because of the incomplete investment environment,long distance from the market,vulnerable ecology,and more restrictions on investment in the west. Due to these reasons,FDI is not common. Since the notion of ecological civilization was proposed in the Seventeenth CPC National Congress,we tend to choose more environmental protection enterprises to improve industrial ecological benefits when attracting foreign investment.The investments in remedies for environment pollution,as proportions of GDP,have no significant effects in improving the Chinese industrial ecological benefits. The educational levels in the east,the west,and the middle,have great impacts on the industrial ecological benefits. At this point,although the educational level in the west is less developed,the government has a series of plans to support it,which can increase high quality labors. The average income of the east and the west have the positive correlation with the industrial ecological benefits. In the west,since the Seventeenth CPC National Congress,the implementing of the strategy of＂Western Development＂has largely increased the industrial ecological benefits. In the future development,the government should adopt some open policies according to the different regional advantages,rather than purely use the reform and opening-up policy that is based on the geographical range. According to different regions,the government can use some places as experimental,pilot opening areas,taking advantage of their own superiorities to attract foreign investment; in this way,they can improve ecological benefits and ecological environment.