猪肉可追溯体系建设存在问题与影响因素——基于猪肉供应链的实证分析

Problems and Influence Factors of Pork Traceability System:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Supply Chain of Pork

为防范食品安全风险、推动猪肉可追溯体系建设,近年来我国农业部、商务部和质检部等不同监管部门从各自职能出发,分别发布了指导生产环节、流通环节等不同环节猪肉可追溯体系实施的标准与规范。然而到目前为止,我国真正意义上的全程猪肉可追溯体系尚未建立。本文基于猪肉供应链,实地走访调查了供应链上的盐城生猪屠宰加工A企业,盐城部分农贸市场与超市,以及盐城阜宁县部分万头以上猪场(以下简称大户)和生猪养殖散户(以下简称散户),细致梳理猪肉可追溯体系实施的现状与存在的问题,结果发现,养殖环节的生猪已百分百佩戴耳标,但效果却形同虚设,养殖环节与屠宰环节之间的信息无法通过耳标进行有效对接,猪贩子时常临时加戴耳标。进一步深入研究发现,造成上述现象得深层次原因是:生猪身份标识编码方式、信息记录的格式、信息上传的规范与管理平台等标准不统一,智能识读设备和数据库等配套技术不完善,体系后期运行与维护投入不足等。据此,本文提出了推动和完善我国猪肉可追溯体系建设的对策建议。

In order to prevent food safety risk and promote the pork traceability system,in recent years,the Ministry of Agriculture,China＇s Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Supervision Quality Inspection, from the respective functions of different departments,respectively, issued standards and norms to guide the implementation of pork traceability system in production,circulation and other different aspects. However,so far,the true sense of whole pork traceability system in China has not been established. Based on the pork supply chain,we investigated the pig slaughtering and processing enterprises A in Yancheng,part of the farmers market and supermarket in Yancheng,and pig farm with million pigs（ hereinafter referred to as large farmers） and scattered pig farmers（ hereinafter referred to as investors）. We carefully sort out the present situation and existing problems of the pork traceability system. The results found that 100% of the pigs have worn ear tag in breeding link,but the effect is non-existent,information cannot be effectively docking from farming areas to slaughter links through the ear tag,pig dealers often wear ear tag temporary. Further study found that,a deep-seated reason behind the above phenomenon is that the standard like the pig identification coding method,information recording format,the information upload specification and management platform are not unified,intelligent reading equipment and database technology supporting system are not perfect,the investment to support the operation and maintenance of pork traceability system is insufficient. Accordingly,we put forward the suggestions to improve Chinese pork traceability system.