不同培肥方式对马铃薯生长及土壤性状的影响

Effects of different fertilization on soil characteristics and growth of potato

为探究不同培肥方式对旱作区土壤及作物的影响,揭示土壤肥力演变的规律,试验研究了3种培肥方式下,马铃薯生长发育、产量及土壤的变化规律.结果表明:水分敏感期补充灌溉后,各培肥处理植株叶面积指数、生物量随马铃薯生育期变化总体呈上升趋势,其中以化肥配施羊粪处理,马铃薯叶面积指数及生物量增加较快.不同培肥方式下,土壤真菌所占比例均呈下降趋势,而细菌、放线菌所占比例则上升;与对照相比,单施化肥显著增加了土壤细菌种群数量,增幅达26.05%;化肥配施羊粪显著提高了土壤放线菌种群数量;但对照处理明显有较高的真菌数量.平均颜色变化率(AWCD)随微生物群落培养时间的延长,呈S型变化趋势.培养至168 h时AWCD达最大值,其中单施以化肥、化肥配施羊粪处理土壤微生物对碳源利用能力较强.各处理马铃薯产量明显高于对照,其中化肥配施羊粪处理较对照提高了84.87%.总体而言,有机、无机相结合的土壤培肥方式较好,其对土壤微生物群落结构与功能有较明显的影响,对产量有较大的贡献.

To study the effects of different fertilization on soil and crops and reveal the variation in soil fertilities. The growth of potato,yield and the change of the soil fertilities were studied by using three kind of fertilizer management in middle arid region of Ningxia. The results showed that leaf area index and biomass were significant increased with the potato growth and development. But the potato leaf area index and biomass in the treatment of the Chemical Fertilizer with sheep manure had an obviously increasing trend compared with other treatments. The proportion of soil fungi in the soil microbial communities were decreased, while bacteria and actinomycetes were increased under different fertilizer managements; the soil bacterial population were significantly increased about 26.05% after using chemical fertilizer and the amounts of actinomycetes were significantly improved by the Chemical Fertilizer with sheep manure compared with the control; the treatment of control also showed a higher number of fungi. Average well color development（AWCD） of the soil microbial community showed an s-shaped curve along with the increasing of incubation time, and it reach a maximum in 168 h, the soil microorganisms in treatment of chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with sheep manure had a stronger ability in carbon source utilization. The potato yield is significantly higher than control, the potato yield under the chemical fertilizer with manure were increased by84.87% compared with the control. On the whole, the management of combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer showed a better effect on soil microbial community structure and function and had a greater contribution on production.