医学研究生心理健康状况分析

The Analysis on Mental Health Status of Medical Graduate Students

目的:调查研究医学研究生群体的心理健康状况并探索行之有效的心理评估方法。方法:采用卡特尔16种个性因素测验和SCL-90症状自评量表两个测验工具对某医科大学600名硕士研究生进行测试,结合访谈法调查医学研究生心理健康状况。结果:(1)医学研究生16PF测验与原常模进行单样本t检验,结果显示存在显著性差异的有乐群性(t=2.619,P<0.01)、聪慧性(t=3.223,P<0.01)、稳定性(t=-18.660,P<0.001)、恃强性(t=9.23,P<0.001)、兴奋性(t=19.732,P<0.001)、敢为性(t=11.471,P<0.001)、敏感性(t=-8.935,P<0.001)、怀疑性(t=-23.101,P<0.001)、幻想性(t=3.800,P<0.001)、忧虑性(t=10.801,P<0.001)、实验性(t=-5.788,P<0.001)、独立性(t=-6.814,P<0.001)、自律性(t=2.549,P<0.01)、紧张性(t=-7.949,P<0.001)、适应与焦虑型(t=17.262,P<0.001)、内向与外向型(t=14.596,P<0.001)、感情用事与安详机警型(t=11.259,P<0.001)、心理健康(t=-16.301,P<0.001)、专业成就(t=4.182,P<0.001)、创造能力(t=-11.600,P<0.001)及新环境成长能力(t=-9.882,P<0.001)21个因子;而与常模不存在显著性差异的是有恒性、世故性、怯懦与果断型三个因子。效果量检验显示稳定性(d=-1.14)、恃强性(d=0.57)、兴奋性(d=1.3)、敢为性(d=0.75)、敏感性(d=-0.53)、怀疑性(d=-1.41)、幻想性(d=0.21)、忧虑性(d=0.65)、实验性(d=-0.32)、独立性(d=-0.4)、紧张性(d=-0.47)、适应与焦虑型(d=0.99)、内向与外向型(d=0.88)、感情用事与安详机警型(d=0.63)、心理健康(d=-0.91)、专业成就(d=0.23)、创造能力(d=-0.63)及新环境成长能力(d=-0.52)18个因子效果值均大于0.2,而乐群性、聪慧性、自律性效果值d分别为0.16、0.18、0.14,均小于0.2。(2)SCL-90各项指标与国内常模进行单样本t检验,结果显示医学研究生在强迫(t=3.415,P<0.001)、抑郁(t=2.776,P<0.01)、焦虑(t=3.292,P<0.01)、恐怖(t=3.795,P<0.001)、偏执(t=2.451,P<0.01)与国内常模有显著性差异。效果量检验结果显示强迫(d=0.36)、焦虑(d=0.56)、偏执(d=0.41)3个因子效果值处于(0.2,0.7)之间,而抑郁、恐怖两个因子维度d值分别为0.12、0.17。结论:医学研究生具有良好的个性特点,但心理健康状况不容乐观,应及早提出并实施行之有效的心理干预对策。16PF与SCL-90两者结合使用一定程度上可以提高心理评估的准确性。

To explore the effective methods of psychological test for the medical graduate student. Methods： Take psychological test on 600 medical graduate students by the combined use of Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, Symptoms Self Evaluation Scale Test and the interview method. Results：（1） Through the single sample t-test, there were significant differences between medical graduate student groups and the norms in Warmth（t=2.619, P〈0.01）, Reasoning（t=3.223, P〈0.01）, Emotional Stability（t=-18.660, P〈0.001）, Dominance（t=9.23, P〈0.001）, Liveliness（t=19.732, P〈0.001）, Social Boldness（t=11.471, P〈0.001）, Sensitivity（t=-8.935, P〈0.001）, Vigilance（t=-23.101, P〈0.001）, Abstractedness（t=3.800, P〈0.001）, Apprehension（t=10.801, P〈0.001）, Openness to change（t=-5.788, P〈0.001）, Self-Reliance（t=-6.814, P〈0.001）, Perfectionism（t=2.549, P〈0.01）, Tension（t=-7.949, P〈0.001）,Adaptation and anxiety（t=17.262, P〈0.001）, Introversion and extraversion（t=14.596, P〈0.001）, Impetuous action and undisturbed intellect（t=11.259, P〈0.001）, Mental health factor（t=-16.301, P〈0.001）, Personality of professional achievements（t=4.182, P〈0.001）,Personality of high creativity（t=-11.600,P〈0.001）and Adapt oneself to circumstances factor（t=-9.882, P〈0.001）; And there aren＇t significant differences in Rule-consciousness, Privateness, Coward and resolute type. The test of Effect Size shows that Emotional Stability（d=-1.14）, Dominance（d=0.57）, Liveliness（d=1.3）, Social Boldness（d=0.75）, Sensitivity（d=-0.53）, Vigilance（d=-1.41）,Abstractedness（d=0.21）, Apprehension（d=0.65）, Openness to change（d=-0.32）, Self-Reliance（d=-0.4）, Tension（d=-0.47）, Adaptation and anxiety（d=0.99）, Introversion and extraversion（d=0.88）, Impetuous action and undisturbed intellect（d=0.63）, Mental health factor（d=-0.91）, Personality of professional achievements（d=0.23）, Personality of high creativity（d=-0.63） and Adapt oneself to circumstances factor d=-0.52）, and they are more than 0.2. The effect value of Warmth, Reasoning and Perfectionism is 0.16, 0.18, 0.14, less than 0.2.（2） The SCL-90 test results show that the medical graduates in Force（t=3.415, P〈0.001）, Depression（t=2.776, P〈0.01）, Anxiety（t=3.292, P〈0.01）, Terror（t=3.795, P〈0.001）, Paranoia（t=2.451, P〈0.01） have significant differences with the domestic norm through the single sample t-test. The test of Effect Size shows that Force（（d = 0.36）, Anxiety（d = 0.56） and Paranoia（d = 0.41）, they are between 0.2 to 0.7,while in Depression, Terror, the value is 0.12, 0.17. Conclusions： The personality traits of medical graduates is good, but the mental health status is serious, so implement effective psychological intervention countermeasures should as soon as possible put forward.Combined with 16 PF and SCL-90 can improve the accuracy of the psychological assessment at a certain extent.