清代乾隆朝科举冒籍问题概述

Study on Maoji in Civil Service Examinations during Qianlong's Reign of the Qing Dynasty

冒籍是中国科举史上一直存在的作弊手法。在清代,冒籍问题以乾隆朝表现得最为突出。乾隆朝冒籍问题原因不同、形式多样,乾隆帝本人也一直对于冒籍问题给予高度重视并严加防范和惩处。本文以冒籍概念为切入点,具体探讨清代乾隆朝冒籍问题形成的原因、冒籍的种类与形式、冒籍产生的影响以及乾隆朝所采取的稽查冒籍之法等,全方位地展现乾隆朝的冒籍问题。

Maoji was a long- lasting cheating method of the civil service examination in ancient China. Maoji reached its zenith in the Qianlong period. It prevailed the whole Qianlong period with various causes and ever-changing cheating ways. Although the Emperor Qianlong paid much attention to it and took strict measures to forbid it,whoever conducted this would be bound to be severely punished. This paper traces the concept and history of Maoji, probes its causes and classifications, and investigates its social influences and the specific methods which Emperor Qianlong took to check it, which expounds this social phenomenon by all aspects in the Qianlong period.