浅析瑶药中有关骨伤科用药的规律及特色

Analysis rules and characteristics of Yao medicine in the treatment of orthopedics and traumatology

目的:分析瑶药中骨伤科用药的规律及特色。方法:对《中国瑶药学》记载的有关骨伤科药物进行收集、分类及统计分析。结果:收集的药物共644味,可分为老班药、其他草药、动物药、矿物药。老班药又分"五虎""九牛""十八钻""七十二风"。主要治疗疾病分为风湿骨痛病、跌扑内伤、骨折、关节脱位、腰腿痛;主要治疗症状分为筋脉拘挛、四肢麻木、外伤出血;药性可分为寒、热、温、凉、平;药味可分为酸、苦、甘、辛、咸、淡、涩;毒性可分为小毒、常毒、大毒;尚有伤科止痛功效一类。结论:瑶药中骨伤科用药相当广泛,对于骨伤科病症的治疗基本完全涵盖,研究药物的总体偏性,可能与其所治疗的病症及地理、气候环境密切相关。

Objective： To analyze the rules and characteristics of Yao medicine in the the treatment of orthopedics and traumatology. Methods： The literature about the orthopedics and traumatology drugs were collected, classified and systematically analyzed in accordance with Yao Ethnic Medicinals in China. Results： Six hundred and forty-four herbs collected were classified into the Laoban medicine, the other herbal medicine, the animal medicine and the mineral medicine. The Yao medicine was sub-classified into ‘five-tiger＇, ‘nine-cow＇, ‘eighteen-zuan＇ and ‘seventy-two-feng＇. The Yao medicine treated the diseases including the rheumatic pain, falling internal injuries, fracture, joint dislocation and the low back and legs pain, and the symptoms including numb limbs and tense tendons, the numbness of limbs and the traumatic bleeding. The properties of Yao medicine were summarized as cold, hot, warm, cool and neutral, and the flavor of Yao medicine were classified as sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, salty, pale and astringent. The toxicity of Yao medicine was classified as mild poison, moderate poison and extreme poison. In addition, the Yao medicine had the effect of relieving fractures＇ pain. Conclusion： Yao medicine was widely used in the treatment of traumatology and orthopedics, which might have a close relationship with the disease and symptoms, geography, climate and environment.