清水宋(金)墓砖雕彩绘保存环境与病害分析

An Analysis on the Preservation Environment and Deterioration of the Color Drawings on Tomb Brick Carvings of Song(Jin)Dynasty in Qingshui County of Gansu Province

清水宋(金)墓以其精致的砖雕、斑斓的彩绘而颇具艺术价值。目前在当地赵充国墓园里面保存着四座经由"易地搬迁复原保护"的墓葬,此种保护方式避免了在原址遇到的盗墓破坏、管理不便之类的难题,但是搬迁之后的墓葬在新环境中除了彩绘褪色、砖雕酥粉等病害之外又出现了尘粒聚集、生物、微生物侵害等新的病害。通过调查及分析发现,目前的保存环境中已基本避免了紫外线危害;由于文物对埋藏环境的适应性,温差的变化在新环境中未造成严重影响;然而空气流动时携带尘粒、湿度的影响却不容忽视,急需加以防治。

The tombs of Song（ Jin） Dynasty in Qingshui County of Gansu Province are regarded to have great artistic value for their exquisite brick carvings and colorful paintings. Now there are four tombs which were relocated and restored in Zhao Chunguo Cemetery for the purpose of protection. Although this way effectively prevents the tombs in the original locations from the destruction of the grave robbery and the inconvenience of management,it causes them in the new environment some problems such as paintings fading,bricks being crisp and powdery,dust particle assembling,and organisms and microorganisms eroding. Based on the investigation and analysis,this study finds that the new preservation environment is basically UV-proof now,that the changes of temperature on the new environment do not seriously affect the relics because of their adaptability with underground environment during the long buried time,and that the impact of the dust carried by air and the humidity should not be overlooked and need to be controlled urgently.