黎巴嫩马龙派认同起源探析

An Analysis on the Origin of Lebanese Maronite Identity

黎巴嫩马龙派认同起源于1840年,是黎巴嫩民族主义的重要组成部分。马龙派认同产生的土壤是黎巴嫩相对隔绝的地理位置、包税制体制、马龙派教会改革以及世界市场的扩散。巴希尔二世的集权措施,1840年前后的混乱以及外国势力的影响为马龙派认同以及马龙派民族主义诉求产生提供了契机。马龙派向奥斯曼政府提出建立马龙派酋长国的主张是黎巴嫩认同的发端,这一思想首次概念化是尼古拉斯·穆拉德的宣传,而这个概念对后世黎巴嫩民族主义思想以及意识形态产生了深远影响。

The Lebanese Maronite identity was gradually formed from 1840 and became an important part of Lebanese nationalism. Its birth was the result of interactions of factors such as the relatively isolated location of Lebanon,the implementation of the zamindar system,the Maronite church reform,and the spread of the world market.The totalitarian measures of Bashir II,the riots fore-and-aft 1840,and the interference of Western forces also provided opportunity for the formation of the Maronite identity and the nationalist aspirations of the Maronite elites. The Lebanese identity grew out of petitions of the Patriarch of Maronite Church,Mgr Yusuf Hubaysh,who asked the Ottoman government to establish a Maronite Emirate in Mount Lebanon. Nicholas Murad conceptualized the idea,which produced a profound influence on the Lebanese nationalist idea and ideology of later generations.