不同所有制养老机构的发展策略研究——基于供需视角的考察

A Research on Development Policies of Pension Institutions of Different Ownerships: Based on the Perspective of the Demand and Supply

随着人口老龄化的不断加剧和养老观念的转变,老年人的养老需求不断增加,同时社会上出现的养老机构数量和类型也不断增多,但养老机构的供给与老年人的需求之间始终存在矛盾,而且矛盾愈发突出。通过实地调查和深度访谈,对W市三类不同所有制形式的养老机构所存在的供需矛盾从养老机构、老年人个体和政府影响因素三方面进行分析,认为缓解供需矛盾需要公办养老机构和民办养老机构相互促进,共同发展;彼此明确自身市场定位,大力发展公私合作;强化政府责任,真正实现机构养老的福利化、专业化和社会化。

With the enlargement of the growing aging population and the change of pension ideas,the need of older persons and the number and type of the social pension institutions continue to increase. However,the gap between the demand from the aging population and the supply from elderly pension agencies become more and more serious. On the basis of the field investigation and the in-depth interview,this study researches the gaps between the supply and demand in pension institutions of three ownerships in W City. After analyzing the three related factors including pension agency,the elderly individuals and governments,it puts forward that both public and private pension institutions should help each other forward to settle the contradictions between supply and demand,that each of them should clearly understand its market positioning and develop more public-private cooperation,and that the government responsibility should be further strengthened to make the pension institutions welfare,specialization and socialization.