2015年西安市学龄儿童碘营养状况分析

Analysis on iodine nutrition state of school-age children in Xi'an City in 2015

目的了解新标准碘盐实施后，西安市学龄儿童碘营养状况，为合理使用碘盐预防碘缺乏病提供依据。方法西安市每个区（县）按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区，在每个片区各随机抽取1个乡（镇或街办），在所抽取的乡（镇或街办）各随机抽取1所小学。在所抽取的小学各随机抽取40名8～10周岁儿童（男、女各半），每区（县）共计200名，采集随机一次性尿样5ml进行检测。结果全市14个区县共采集尿样2800份，尿碘中位数为264μg/L，其中〈50μg/L的141份，占5．04％；50～99．9μg/L的有189份，占6．75％；100—199．9μg/L的有580份，占20．71％；200～299．9μg/L的有740份，占26．43％；≥300μg/L的有1150份，占41．07％。其中男性1403人，尿碘中位数为273．0μg/L；女性1397人，尿碘中位数为257．0μg/L，男性尿碘水平大于女性（P〈0．05）。共抽查8岁儿童863名，尿碘中位数为269．0μg/L；9岁儿童1024名，尿碘中位数为247．0μg/L；10岁儿童913名，尿碘中位数为269．0μg/L，不同年龄组儿童尿碘中位数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论西安市学龄儿童碘营养状况良好，14个区（县）均达到了国家《消除碘缺乏病标准》，但仍处在超适量碘摄入状态，新标准碘盐是否适宜，还需进一步进行监测。

[Objective] To understand the iodine nutrition state of school-age children in Xi＇an City after implementing the new standard of iodized salt, provide the basis for preventing iodine deficiency disorders by rational use of iodized sah.[Methods]Every district/county in Xi＇an City was divided into five sampling areas according the directions of east, west, south, north and centre, one town/sub-district was randomly sampled from each sampling area, and one primary school was randomly sampled from each town/subdistrict. 40 students aged 8-10 years old were randomly collected from each primary school, including 20 boys and 20 girls, and totally 200 students were selected in every district/county. Their urine samples （5 ml） were collected and detected.[Results]141 samples had the results in median of urinary iodine lower than 50μg/L, accounting for 5.04%, 189 had the results of 50-99.9 μg/L, accounting for 6.75%, 580 had the results of 100-199.9 μg/L, accounting for 20.71%, 740 had the results of 200-299.9 μg/L, accounting for 26.43%, and 1 150 had the results higher than 300 μg/L, accounting for 41.07%. The median of urinary iodine in 1 403 male samples （273.0μg/L） was higher than that in 1 397 female samples （257.0 μg/L） significantly （P〈0.05）. The median of urinary iodine in 863 children aged 8 years old was 269.0 μg/L, while that in 1 024 children aged 9 years old and 913 children aged 10 years old was 247.0 μg/L and 269.0μg/L respectively, and the difference among three age groups was not statistically significant （P〉0.05）.[Conclusion] The iodine nutrition state of school-age children is good in Xi＇an City, and that in 14 districts/counties all has reached the national standard of eliminating the iodine deficiency disorders. However, the iodine nutrition state is still higher than the adequate iodine intake. Whether new standard of iodized salt is suitable or not, it still needs further monitoring.