2013年北京市密云县居民健康素养水平

Health literacy of residents in Miyun County of Beijing in 2013

目的了解北京市密云县居民健康素养水平,为制定健康促进策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,使用《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》对271名北京市密云县城乡常住居民进行抽样调查。结果 271名调查对象中,男性129人(47.6%),女性142人(52.4%);平均年龄为(50.31±10.593)岁;文化程度以初中为主,占38.0%。居民健康素养水平为8.5%,3方面健康素养水平由高到低分别是:基本知识和理念(18.5%)、基本技能(14.8%)、健康生活方式与行为(10.3%)。7类健康问题素养水平由高到低分别是:科学健康观(58.3%)、安全与急救(57.9%)、传染病(27.3%)、信息获取(20.3%)、慢性非传染性疾病(慢病)防治(19.9%)、基本医疗(10.3%)、日常保健(5.5%)。非慢病患者健康素养水平高于慢病患者,年龄结构升高素养水平降低,文化程度升高素养水平升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论北京市密云县居民健康素养水平不高,应有针对性地对低文化程度、老年人群及慢病患者开展健康教育和健康促进工作。

[Objective] To understand the level of health literacy of residents in Miyun County of Beijing, provide scientific basis for the formulation of health promotion strategies and measures. [Methods]Using multistage stratified cluster random sampling method, 271 permanent residents in Miyun County were sampled and analyzed according to the National population health literacy monitoring questionnaire.[Results] There were 129（47.6% ） males and 142（52.4% ） females among 271 respondents, the average age was （50.31±10.593 ） years old, and 38.0% had the education level of junior high school. The health literacy level of residents was 8.5%. The levels of three aspects of health literacy from high to low were as follows ： basic knowledge and concepts was 18.5%, basic skill was 14.8%, healthy lifestyle and behavior was 10.3%. The health literacy levels of seven health questions from high to low were as follows： science health view （58.3%）, safety and first aid （57.9%）, infectious disease （27.3%）, information acquisition （20.3%）, prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases （19.9%）, basic medical care （10.3%）, daily health care （5.5%）. The health literacy level of patients without chronic disease was higher than that of patients with chronic diseases. The health literacy level decreased with increasing age, and the people with higher education level showed higher health literacy level. The differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05 ）.[Conclusion] The health literacy level of residents in Miyun County is not satisfactory. It is necessary to carry out the targeted health education and health promotion among people with lower education level, elderly population and patients with chronic diseases.