论发展低碳经济的技术创新与制度创新

Research on Technological and Institutional Innovation on the Development of Low-carbon Economy

发展低碳经济的关键是技术与制度的协同创新。低碳技术的创新与使用需要相应的组织创新,需要相应的外在激励因素和制度环境,需要相应的制度创新来降低低碳产业的高风险。创新低碳技术、解除碳锁定的过程是提高一个社会应对环境危害的社会能力和制度能力的过程。研究表明15种能源"楔子"(低碳技术),可以在未来的50年内让世界排放量趋于稳定,实行战略"缝隙"管理是解除碳锁定的最优路径。从现有低碳技术创新与使用、研发投入等方面的情况来看,解除碳锁定的技术创新障碍主要来自制度层面。因此,发展低碳经济要把技术创新与制度创新结合起来;要把降低在能源短缺面前的脆弱性所需的技术和减少碳排放所需的技术结合起来;要把形成有利于低碳技术投资的环境条件与引进国外低碳技术结合起来。

The key to develop low-carbon economy is to make the innovation in both technology and institution. Innovation and use of low-carbon technology require related organizational innovation, external incentive factors, and institutional environment. The high risk of low-carbon industry needs to be reduced through institutional innovation. Innovating low carbon technology and removing carbon lock-in is a process which will improve social and institutional ability against environmental hazard. Research shows that 15 kinds of energy ＂blocks＂ will help keeping the world emissions stable in the next 50 years.The best way to remove carbon lock-in is to bring Strategic ＂Gap＂ Management on table. According to innovation,R D investment and real use of low-carbon technology,the primary problem of removing carbon lock-in is the institutional level.As a result, the development of low-carbon economy requires 3 points： combining technological innovation and institutional innovation together, combining technology against weakness in energy shortage and technology required for reducing carbon emission;combining environment condition which is good to invest low-carbon technology and foreign technology together.