高温微生物菌剂加速垃圾填埋场好氧稳定化进程的研究

Study on acceleration of stabilization of municipal solid waste landfill by using aerobic microbial bioreagents

研究了一种可加速垃圾填埋场好氧稳定化进程的生物强化技术。实验对比了A、B、C 3种填埋方式,A、B为好氧填埋,C为厌氧填埋;A中接种高温复合菌剂,B、C中不接种菌剂。实验周期为20 d。研究发现:高温菌剂的投加起到了多重作用:增强了微生物的活动,导致A中的温度显著升高,最高可达72℃,且50℃以上的高温期达14 d,而B仅在45℃维持3 d,C则基本处于常温;加速了垃圾堆体的降解与稳定化进程,至实验结束,A中可生物降解有机质含量(BDM)去除率达51.2%,明显高于B、C中的BDM去除率(31.1%和39.4%);加速了堆体中含氮物质的降解与转化,减少了垃圾浸出液中氨氮的累积;加速了堆体的沉降,A中垃圾堆体沉降高度达10 cm,远大于B、C堆体的沉降高度(4 cm和2.5 cm)。

The stabilization of municipal waste landfills often requires a long treatment period. To address this problem,a bioaugmentation method was proposed to accelerate landfill stabilization. Three types of landfills,namely,an aerobic bioreactor A with added microbial bioreagents,an anaerobic bioreactor B,and an anaerobic bioreactor C without any added microbial bioreagents. The experiment was conducted for 20 days. It was found that the addition of the microbial bioreagents significantly enhanced the microbial activity in aerobic bioreactor A,where a maximum temperature of 72 ℃ was observed and a high temperature（ above 50 ℃） was maintained for14 days. In contrast,the temperature in bioreactor B was maintained at only 45 ℃ for 3 days,and bioreactor C remained at the normal room temperature. The addition of the microbial bioreagents accelerated the nitrogen biotransformation of the municipal waste. The removal of biodegradable matter（ BDM） achieved in bioreactor A was51. 2%,which was considerably higher than that in reactors B and C（ only 31. 1% and 39. 4%,respectively）.Moreover,the addition of the microbial bioreagents promoted the settlement of the waste; the settlement height in bioreactor A reached 10 cm,which was much higher than that in bioreactors B and C（ 4 and 2. 5 cm,respectively）.