考虑环境因素的中国城市经济效率评价研究

Urban Economic Efficiency Evaluation in China Taking Environmental Factors into Account

在考虑环境因素情形下,实证考察中国城市经济效率水平.引入环境因素,构建中国城市经济效率评价指标体系;运用DEA-BCC模型对中国31个省会城市和计划单列市的经济效率进行评价,计算得出各决策单元的DEA评价值,并进行效率分析、投入冗余产出不足分析和区域比较分析.考虑环境因素情形下,中国城市经济效率总体上较好,综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率平均值分别达0.912、0.855和0.940,但个体差异较大,存在个体间的非均衡发展;从规模报酬来看,太原、福州、南昌等10个决策单元的经济规模应适当增加;长春、哈尔滨、南京等9个决策单元的经济规模应适当减少;太原、长春、哈尔滨等16个决策单元存在不同程度的投入冗余和产出不足,亟待改进;中国城市经济效率存在区域间的非均衡发展,综合效率平均值呈现东部地区最高,中部地区次之,西部地区最低的格局.

The purpose efficiency in China taking of this paper is to make empirical survey on the urban economic environmental factors into account. Firstly, introducing the environmental factors, we constructed an index system for evaluating the urban economic efficiency in China. Secondly, using the DEA-BCC model, we evaluated the economic efficiency of 31 provincial capital cities （or municipalities） in China. Therefore, we obtained the DEA value of decision making units （DMU）. Furthermore, we carried out the efficiency analysis, input redundancy and output insufficient analysis, region comparative analysis respectively. The conclusions of our study are as follows. 1. Considering environmental factors, the urban economic efficiency in China in the mass is good; the average value of technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency is equal to 0.912, 0.855 and 0.940 respectively. However, the individual variation is larger, that means there is non-balanced development between individuals. 2. From the view of returns to scale, the economic scale of 10 DMU, such as Taiyuan, Fuzhou and Nanchang, should be properly increased. However, the economic scale of 9 DMU, such as Changchun, Harbin and Nanjing, should be properly decreased. 3. There are 16 DMU, such as Taiyuan, Changchun and Harbin, existing different degree of input redundancy and output insufficient. This needs prompt improvement. 4. The urban economic efficiency in China exist non-balanced development between regions, the average technology efficiency of eastern region is the highest, that of central region is in the middle and that of western region is the lowest.