情绪障碍及其干预：心理表象的视角

Emotional disorders and their interventions: A perspective of mental imagery

心理表象在多种情绪障碍中均表现出病理性特点。研究者基于心理表象主要对创伤后应激障碍、抑郁心境、双相障碍情绪和社交焦虑进行了心理病理学解释,尤其关注闪回和过度概化记忆等两种典型症状,并且重视心理表象在情绪症状维持中的作用。概括而言,研究者强调记忆形成与提取过程的异常、认知与行为的保护性策略的负强化、对事件及自我的认知偏差等三类因素对情绪障碍的致病作用。目前,针对或运用心理表象的干预与训练方法包括减少消极表象、改变消极表象内容、提高积极表象能力、提高记忆的具体性等四类。未来应注重侵入性表象的功能分析以及相关的心理病理学模型研究,并拓展干预与训练研究。

Abnormal mental imagery is a common phenomenon across many emotional disorders. From a perspective of mental imagery, many researchers tried to understand the psychopathology of posttraumatic stress disorder（PTSD）, depressive mood, emotions of bipolar disorder, and social anxiety. Empirical research mainly focused on two typical symptoms, which were flashbacks in PTSD and overgeneral memory, and emphasized on the functions of mental imagery in maintenance of emotional symptoms. Overall, three types of pathogenic factors of emotional disorders were underlined, including abnormal processing in memory formation and retrieval, negative reinforcement of cognitive and behavioral protective strategies, and cognitive biases toward events and self. Existing interventions and trainings targeting or using mental imagery can be divided into four categories： reducing negative images, changing contents of negative images, enhancing ability of positive images, and increasing concreteness of memory. Future directions include further analysis on the functions of intrusive imagery, exploration of the relevant psychopathology models, and expanding studies on intervention and training.