民法上恢复原状的规范意义

Legal Significance of Restitution in Civil Law

恢复原状在物权的保护、合同解除制度以及侵权损害赔偿制度上,分别具有不同的规范意义。作为物权保护方式的恢复原状,是指对物的修理、重作或者更换,恢复原状请求权的性质属于侵权请求权,而非物权请求权。合同解除以后恢复原状,是指在非继续性合同被解除时,受领人负有向原所有权人返还原物的义务。侵权责任法上的恢复原状,解释上意指通过修理、重作以及更换等手段使被侵害的财产恢复到损坏前的状态,但在立法层面,还应包括返还财产、消除影响、恢复名誉以及赔礼道歉等责任形式。

Restitution has different normative significance in real right protection,contract termination and infringement indemnity. Restitution,as a way of real right protection,refers to the restoring,redoing or replacement of the original items,but the characteristic of claim of restitution is a kind of claims of contract＇s breach and infringement rather than claim of real right. Restitution after rescission refers that when non- continuing contracts are rescinded,acceptors have the responsibility to return the original items to their owners. Restitution in terms of law of responsibility on rights violation drives at by the means of repair,redoing as well as replacement to restore the infringed items to its original status,but at the legislative level,it also includes other liability forms such as restitution of property,elimination of bad influence,recovery of reputation and offering an apology.