国际贸易公司范式转型及其对中国石油公司的启示

Experience and revelation of international trade companies' paradigm shift

近年来,国际大型独立贸易公司在石油贸易业务领域从低利润率业务迈向高利润率业务,从轻资产模式转向重资产模式,由单一业务走向多元化业务。他们拓展多元化投融资渠道,利用金融衍生工具管理风险,力求稳健的财务策略以获取较好的信贷评级。这些公司"规模制胜"的趋势明显。贸易公司推进上中下游一体化发展,打造全产业链的整体竞争力;加强资本运营,以融促产促贸。"产贸融"结合已成为国内外很多石油公司的共同做法,国内石油公司应进一步思考"产贸融"的协同增效问题。中国进口原油使用权和原油进口权逐步放开,将在资源获取环节、区域物流和销售网络基础设施建设环节、化解炼化产能环节价值生成环节、竞争战略环节对国有石油贸易公司带来较大影响,对此,国有石油企业应继续发挥好一体化产业链条的综合优势,加快建立贸易网络体系以提升贸易业务效率,使金融产业更深入地参与实业和贸易,为高素质人才创造发展空间。

In recent years, the large independent international trading companies change oil trade business from low-margin to high, from asset light to asset heavy, and from pure-play to diversified business. The companies develop diversified investment and financing channels, manage risk by using financial derivatives, and obtain a better credit rating with sound financial strategies. It is obvious that the trends of these companies are ＂the size of the winning＂. Trading corporations advance the integration of development in upstream, middle-stream and downstream, build integral competitiveness of the whole industrial chain; strengthen capital operation, and promote the production and trade with financing. The integration of production, trade and financing have become the common practice of many global oil companies, the domestic oil companies should further think of synergy. The gradual opening of China＇s crude oil importing and using rights will greatly influence the state-owned oil trading company for resources obtaining, regional logistics building, sales network infrastructure, refining capacity consuming, value creation and competitive strategy. The state-owned oil enterprises should continue to develop the comprehensive advantage of industry chain integration, establish a trade network system to promote trade business efficiency, so as to promote finance sector to participate deeply in industry and trade, and create the development prospect for high-leveled talents.