护理人员心理授权、角色压力源与职业倦怠的关系

Relationships among psychological empower,role stressors and job burnout in nurses

目的：了解护理人员角色压力源、职业倦怠与护理人员心理授权三者之间关系。方法于2014年2月至10月，应用整群随机抽样方法，使用心理授权问卷、职业倦怠问卷、角色压力源问卷调查辽宁省锦州市三所医院的护理人员420名，对护理人员心理授权、角色压力源及职业倦怠进行相关分析及多元线性回归分析。结果护理人员职业倦怠平均得分（59．58±18．30）分，心理授权平均得分（38．87±7．05）分，相关分析结果显示，护理人员职业倦怠各维度与护理人员心理授权中自主性（ r＝－0．25～－0．34， P＜0．05）和自我效能（ r＝－0．08～－0．53， P＜0．05）之间呈负相关，护理人员职业倦怠各维度与护理人员角色压力源中角色模糊（ r＝0．17～0．43， P＜0．05）和角色超载（ r＝0．07～0．46， P＜0．05）之间呈正相关。多元回归分析结果显示，年龄（β＝－0．104）、文化程度（β＝－0．237）、工作年限（β＝－0．334）、自主性（β＝－0．152）、自我效能（β＝0．127）、角色模糊（β＝0．284）、角色超载（β＝0．325）是护理人员职业倦怠的影响因素。结论护理人员角色压力源、心理授权能够预测护理人员的职业倦怠，护理管理者可以通过减少护理人员的压力源、给予心理授权来缓解护理人员的职业倦怠。

Objective To explore the relationships among psychological empower, role stressors and job burnout in nurses.Methods From February to October of 2014, by random sampling method, 420 nurses from three hospitals of Jinzhou city of Liaoning province were selected and assessed with the psycho-logical empower questionnaires,the job burnout questionnaire,role stressors questionnaire.The data were ana-lyzed using pearson correlation analysis and logical multiple linear regression analysis.Results The average score of job burnout was （59.58±18.30） points, the average score of psychological empower was （38.87±7. 05） points.Job burnout and each dimension were negative correlated with self-determination of the psycho-logical empower （ r=-0.25--0.34, P〈0.05） and self-efficacy （ r=-0.08--0.53, P〈0.05）.The scores of role stressors were positively correlated with the scores of emotional exhaustion（ r=0.17-0.43, P〈0.05） and cynicism （ r=0.07-0.46, P〈0.05） .Multiple regression analysis showed that age（β=-0.104） ,education lev-el（β=-0.237）,seniority（β=-0.334）,self-determination（β=-0.152）,self-efficacy（β=0.127）,role am-biguity（β=0.284）,role overload（β=0.325） were influencing factors of nursing burnout.Conclusion -Nurses role stressors and psychological empower can predict nurses’ burnout, so nurse managers can in-crease the level of authority to relieve psychological job burnout by reducing caregiver stress source.