幼龄期杏树夏剪拉枝技术研究

Study On Summer Pruning and Branch Drawing for Young Prunus armeniaca

夏剪拉枝用于幼龄杏树整形修剪中,可以达到早果、早丰,克服周期性结果;协调生长与结果的关系,延长经济寿命。在杏树新梢半木质化状态时进行拉枝、开张角度,可以减少对树体造成的损伤,有利于树体形成坚固的骨架结构。试验结果表明:幼龄杏树适宜的拉枝时间为6月中下旬至7月初,拉枝角度为60度左右。夏剪拉枝可以使幼龄杏树提早1年进入结果期,即栽植后第三年结果;第2年,短枝占各类枝条的57.4%,高于对照(41.8%)。第3年,夏剪拉枝短果枝多,易形成开心树形;对照短果枝稀少,树形为杯状形。夏剪为主、冬剪为辅的整形修剪技术可以节省冬剪劳动力成本,弥补冬季修剪的不足。

The young apricot trees can bear and reach high-yield early if the method of summer pruning can be used for its training and pruning so as to avoid appearing the phenomenon of＂on＂and＂off＂year,also to coordinate the relationship of growing and fruiting,finally to extend its bearing life.Branch drawing and angle opening can reduce the damage to the bodies and be favorable to forming strong structure during the apricot branch is semi-woody.The results showed that the suitable time of branch drawing is from mid-late June to early July,also the suitable angle is about 60 degree.Apricot trees can bear early 1year,namely in the 3rd year after growing by summer pruning and branch drawing.In the second year,the ratio of short branches of all branches is 57.4%,over control group（41.8%）.And the short bearing-branches are more than control group,as well as the former is easier to become an open center shape than the latter,which becomes short crown after two years＇ growing.The method of training and pruning that summer pruning is mainly instead of winter pruning can decrease the labor costs and cover the shortage of winter pruning.