优秀棒球投手的等速肌力与投球运动学参数间关联研究

Correlation of Kinematic Parameters and Isometric Muscle Strength of Elite Pitcher

目的:探讨棒球投手运动学与等速肌力参数间关联关系,并比较不同类型投手各类参数的差异性。方法:采用德国ISOMED2000等速肌力测试系统及三台高速摄像机获取相关参数。结果:(a)肩关节外、内旋峰力矩及屈、伸峰力矩两个比值高度相关,两者均与挥肘速度、棒球出手及触垒速度高度正相关;(b)与"非衡型"棒球投手相比,"均衡型"投手在许多关键参数上存有显著差异,表现为投球动作总时间、提膝时间、伸踏时间及动作加速时间显著变短;肘关节屈伸幅度、棒球出手等及触垒速度则显著增大;(c)挥肘速度与肩关节最大外展角存有显著正相关,而与投球动作总时间呈负相关;动作加速时间与肩关节最大外展角成负相关,却与躯干扭转角成正相关;(d)棒球出手及触垒速度均与肩关节最大外展角等呈显著正相关。结论:目前我国大学生优秀棒球投手与国外同级别投手相比,在众多运动学测试指标上存有显著差距,而投掷臂肌力发展不均衡是问题的关键所在。

Objective： To investigate the correlation of kinematic parameters and isometric muscle strength of elite pitchers,and the difference between different type pitchers. Methods： Isometric test system and three high-speed camera were used to obtained raw data in kinematics and kinetics parameters in this study. Results：（ a）High correlation of the rations of peak torques between external and internal rotation,flexion and extension on shoulder joints,both high positive correlation with elbow swing velocity,release velocity of baseball and velocity of contact barrier.（ b） There are many significantly differences between non- balanced type and balanced type： total pithing time,lifting knee time,stretching and treading time,and acceleration time became significantly shorter in the latter; whereas,flexion and extension amplitude of elbow joints were significantly larger in the latter.（ c） There are significantly positive correlation between velocity of elbow swing and maximal angle of external abduction,whereas,negative correlation with total time of pitching; there are negative correlation between acceleration time and maximal abduction angle and positive correlation with twist angle of trunk.（ d）There are significantly positive correlation between release velocity of pitching,or contact barrier and maximal abduction angle in shoulder joints. Conclusion： To date the difference between Chinese elite baseball pitcher and foreign pitcher indicated that many kinematical parameters are significant,the key point is the unbalance development of pitching arm.