中国5种主要保护地类型的空间分布格局

Spatial Distribution Pattern of Five Major Categories of Protected Area in China

我国对生物多样性进行就地保护的区域除自然保护区之外,同样具有保护功能的还有森林公园、湿地公园、风景名胜区和地质公同等,均可归入到保护地的范畴。目前我国保护地数量很多,但由于各类保护地分属于不同部门管理,缺乏统一规划,布局不合理。本文运用ArcGIS9.3分析软件建立实点坐标数据库及分布图,结合地理集中指数、不平衡指数、基尼系数和综合密度指数,探讨自然保护区、风景名胜区、森林公园、湿地公园和地质公园这5种主要保护地的空间分布格局。结果表明,自然保护区与风景名胜区、森林公同、湿地公园和地质公园在整体空间分布上极为相似,均呈现集中分布且不均衡,东部密集、西部稀疏;但它们在不同省份及行政区域的分布又具有差异性。风景名胜区、森林公园、湿地公园和地质公同有效补充了自然保护区的面积局限性,丰富了我国保护地体系,对自然资源保护有辅助作用。

In addition to nature reserves,forest parks,wetland parks,scenic areas and geological parks and other categories of protected areas also have functions for protecting natural resources and in situ conservation of biodiversity.At present,there are numerous protected areas in China,but different categories are managed by different department,lacking unified planning and reasonable layout.In this paper we used ArcGIS9.3 analysis software to establish coordinates database and distribution map and analyzed spatial distribution pattern of five major protected area categories by geographic concentration index,imbalance index,Gini coefficient and comprehensive density index.The results showed that nature reserves have similar spatial distribution with scenic areas,forest parks,wetland parks and geological parks.The distribution of these protected areas is unbalanced,concentrated in east China and rare in west China.However,their spatial distribution is different in different provinces and administrative districts.Scenic areas,forest parks,wetland parks and geological parks assisted the natural resources protection,enriched the protected area system in China,and provided effective supplement to the limited area of nature reserves.