毛瓣金花茶叶片化学成分及生理活性物质分析

Analysis of chemical components and physiological active substances in leaves of Camellia pubipetala

对毛瓣金花茶老叶和嫩叶中的营养成分、生理活性物质、氨基酸和矿质元素含量进行了测定。结果表明:毛瓣金花茶叶片营养成分丰富,老叶中总糖、粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分均高于嫩叶,而嫩叶中的粗蛋白含量较高。毛瓣金花茶叶片中生理活性物质含量较高,嫩叶中黄酮类物质、茶多酚、皂甙、咖啡碱、多糖等明显高于老叶。老叶和嫩叶中氨基酸总量分别为5.99%和6.80%,其中以谷氨酸、门冬氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸等4种氨基酸含量较高;老叶和嫩叶中EAA/TAA分别为42.24%和43.38%,EAA/NEAA分别为为73.12%和76.62%,均达到FAO/WHO标准。毛瓣金花茶老叶的矿质元素含量更为丰富,老叶中Ca、Mn、Zn、Fe、Se、Mo等均高于嫩叶。与金花茶叶片相比,毛瓣金花茶叶片中茶多酚、总黄酮、氨基酸等含量更高,矿质元素Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、Mo含量更为丰富,具有较高的开发利用价值。

The contents of nutritional compositions,physiological active components,amino acids and mineral elements in young and old leaves of Camellia pubipetala have been analyzed.The results showed that C.pubipetala leaves was rich in nutrients,the total sugar,crude fat,crude fiber,ash content in old leaves were higher than that of young leaves,while the young leaves had higher crude protein content.C.pubipetala leaves had higher physiological active substance content,the contents of total flavonoid,tea polyphenol,saponin,caffeine and polysaccharose in young leaves were significantly higher than that of old leaves.The content of total amino acids in old and young leaves were 5.99% and 6.80% respectively,of which the glutamate,aspartate,leucine and lysine contents were higher.The EAA（essential amino acids）/TAA（total amino acids） in old and young leaves were 42.24% and 43.38% respectively,and EAA/NEAA（non-essential amino acids） were 73.12% and 76.62% respectively,which achieved the FAO/WHO standard.The old leaves of C.pubipetala had higher mineral elements content than young leaves,especially in Ca,Mn,Zn,Fe,Se and Mo.Compared with C.nitidissima leaves,the C.pubipetala leaves have higher tea polyphenols,flavonoids,amino acids and mineral elements contents（such as Ca,Mn,Fe,Zn,Cu,Se,Mo）.The leaves of C.pubipetala have a high value for exploitation and utilization.