几种主要养殖淡水、海水经济鱼类肌肉营养组成及对比分析

Comparison and analysis of the nutritional composition in muscle of some cultured fresh-water and marine-cultured fishes

采用国家标准方法对我国常见几种养殖鱼类肉中的水分、灰分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸进行测定。研究了其肌肉营养组成,对比分析了几种海水鱼和淡水鱼的营养价值区别,为常见鱼类的加工利用提供基础资料。结果表明：草鱼中肌肉中蛋白质和灰分含量最高;大黄鱼的水分含量最低,粗脂肪含量最高。就氨基酸总量言（干重计）,淡水鱼略高于海水鱼,淡水鱼为72.2%-77.6%;海水鱼为51.5%-69.0%。6种鱼的必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值（WEAA/WTAA）为42.4%-43.7%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值（WEAA/WNEAA）为90.9%-94.6%。6种鱼的第一限制性氨基酸都是Met＋Cys,大菱鲆的EEAI值最高,达90.3,氨基酸营养最均衡。大黄鱼总脂肪酸种类最多,含量最高约占肌肉的10.7%;其脂肪酸中亚油酸与亚麻酸的比值（LNA：ALA）达5.9;EPA和DHA的含量最高,总和占肌肉含量的1.44%,脂肪酸营养价值最高。

The nutritional compositions in muscle of several cultured fresh water and seawater fishes,such as moisture,ash,crude protein,lipid,amino acids and fatty acids,were studied by contrast and determined by national standard methods.The results showed that the crude protein and ash content of Ctenopharyngodon idella were the highest.The Pseudosciaena crocea was of the highest fat and the lowest water.The total amino acids of fresh water fishes（72.2%-77.6%,dry weight） were much more than that of seawater fishes（51.5%-69.0%,dry weight）.The ratio of essential amino acids to total aminoacids（WEAA/WTAA） were 42.4%-43.7% and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids（WEAA/WNEAA） were 90.9%-94.6%.The first limiting amino acid was Met＋Cys.The muscle of Scophthalmus maximus was of the highest EEAI（90.3） and the most balanced amino acids.The total fatty acids of Pseudosciaena crocea was of the most kinds and about 10.7% of the muscle,and the content of EPA and DHA in muscle was 1.44%.The ratio of linoleic acid to linolenic acid was 5.9,and was of the most balanced fatty acids.