松花江水体中多环芳烃污染源解析因子分析研究

Source Apportionment of Water Pollution in Songhua River Basin

在水体环境中应用污染物源解析模型,从源头上实现对污染物的控制对于遏制水质恶化具有重要意义。该文通过对松花江丰水期18个监测断面和平水期16个监测断的16种EPA优先控制的多环芳烃作为目标污染物,应用因子分析法识别水体中多环芳烃的主要来源,结果显示:松花江流域水体有4个主要的多环芳烃污染源,分别为煤及石油的燃烧源、交通污染源、石油污染物和炼焦污染源。丰水期与平水期多环芳烃污染来源基本一致。根据沿江主要工业分布得出:二松吉林段主要来源于吉林石化等大型石化企业和热电厂的石油燃烧和煤燃烧;二松松原段主要来源于当地的油井石油源和热电厂的燃煤;干流哈尔滨段主要来源于当地热电厂的燃烧和石油燃烧;干流佳木斯段主要源于佳木斯市的焦化厂、热电厂的石油源及煤烧。研究结果可为我国松花江流域水环境中多环芳烃的控制和治理提供参考和科学依据。

Source apportionment of water pollution is important for prevention of water quality deterioration. This paper related to the principal component analysis（PCA）being applied to the investigation of PAHs distribution and identification of PAHs sources in the Songhua River,which involved collecting samples from 18 cross-sections of the river during the wet season and samples from 16 cross-sections during the normal season. Results of PCA analysis indicated that PAHs sources were mainly traffic emission, coal/oil burning, petro-chemical and coking pollution. From the survey regarding the distribution of major industrial sectors along the river banks,it was found that：within the Ersong Jilin section,Jilin petrochemical plants and other large-scale petrochemical enterprises,as well as a coal-fired power plant were the major pollution sources;as to the Ersong Songyuan section,the oil wells and the coal-fired power plants,while in the river＇s stem stream of Harbin section thermal power plant and oil burning were the main pollution sources;and in Jiamusi section,the coking plant and thermal power plant,oil and coal burning as well,in Jiamusi city.