塑料消费品垃圾焚烧过程中PBDE与HBCD释放情况

Emission of PBDEs and HBCDs from Plastic Consumer Product Incineration

该研究焚烧了含5类常见塑料的不同生活消费品,按所含塑料类别进行分类,分别是聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚丙烯（PP）、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯（ABS）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）。焚烧过程中,由特殊密闭焚烧采样器收集释放的气态、颗粒态和底灰。研究结果显示：多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）总释放因子（即底灰、颗粒态和气态释放因子之和）为415-108564 ng/g,六溴环十二烷（HBCDs）总释放因子为2.42-1 764 ng/g。PBDEs释放因子在气态、颗粒态、底灰中分别为22.5-531、78.8-64933、15.9-43100 ng/g。HBCDs释放因子在气态、颗粒态、底灰中分别为0.66-2.78、0.71-1 761、0.17-23.5 ng/g。塑料消费品垃圾在焚烧过程中的主要释放形式为颗粒相,其释放因子占总释放因子的50%以上。PBDEs总释放量为0.14-402 t/a,其中BDE-209所占比重最大。据估算,2015年焚烧塑料生活消费品垃圾过程中释放溴系阻燃剂将达到PBDE为2.8 t/a（范围：0.2-649 t/a）,HBCD为0.02 t/a（范围：0.003-11 t/a）。

In this study,five categories of plastic consumer products were incinerated. They were divided as polystyrene（PS）,polypropylene（PP）,acrylonitrile butadiene styrene（ABS）,polyethylene（PE）and polyvinylchloride（PVC）. During the incineration,flue gas,smoke particle and residual ash were collected in a special airtight burning sampler. According to the results,the total emission factors（i.e. sum of emission factors in flue gas,smoke particle,and ash residue）of ΣPBDEs ranged from 415 to 108 564 ng/g,while the total emission factors of ΣHBCDs ranged from 2.42 to 1 764 ng/g. The ranges of EFs for ΣPBDEs in gas,particle and ash residue phases were 22.5-531,78.8-64 933,15.9-43 100 ng/g,respectively. EFs of ΣHBCDs in gas,particle and ash residue phases were 0.66-2.78,0.71-1761 and 0.17-23.5 ng/g,respectively. In general,smoke particle was the major emission form for plastic waste incineration,and it contributed more than 50% of total EFs. The total emission of ΣPBDEs from incineration of plastic waste ranged from 0.14 to 402 t/a with BDE-209 dominating the PBDEs composition. Based on the estimation,in 2015,annual mass loading of BFRs from plastic waste incineration will reach 2.8 t/a（range：0.2-649 t/a）for ΣPBDEs and 0.02 t/a（range 0.003-11 t/a）for ΣHBCDs,respectively.