新型降糖药钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂在降糖之外的贡献

Salutary contributions in addition to hypoglycemic effects of new antidiabetic sodium-glucose transporter 2inhibitors

我国糖尿病患病率迅速升高。2010年中国慢病监测暨糖尿病专题调查显示，我国成人糖尿病患病率为11．6％（约1．139亿例）。尽管当前有多种治疗手段，很多糖尿病患者仍不能达到或维持血糖目标。现有治疗的不良反应，包括低血糖、体重增加、液体潴留以及胃肠道反应等。钠一葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂（SGLT-2i）是具有独特作用机制的新型降糖药物，通过促进尿糖排泄使2型糖尿病患者排出过多的葡萄糖而发挥降糖作用。SGLT-2i不但降糖疗效确切，而且其减轻体重和降血压以及最近发现的降低心血管事件风险等额外获益令人耳目一新，为管理2型糖尿病增添了新型武器。

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China is increasing significantly in recent decades. According to the results from the diabetes survey of 2010 China Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance Group, the overall prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 11. 6% （about 113. 9 millions） in the Chinese adult population. Despite of the various available treatments, there is still a significant number of diabetes mellitus patients that cannot achieve or maintain their glycemic controls. Additionally, several side effects of these therapies have also been observed, including hypoglycemia, weight gain, fluid retention, and gastrointestinal reactions. Sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors （SGLT-2is） refer to a new type of antidiabetic drug with its unique mechanism. SGLT-2is inhibit glucose reabsorption in kidney through inhibition of SGLT-2 receptors and thereby reduce plasma glucose by enhancing glucosuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to the efficacy in reducing blood glucose, SGLT-2is also show salutary benefits in lowering the body weight, blood pressure, and the risk of cardiovascular events, which have been confirmed recently, providing a promising therapeutic weapon for type 2 diabetes mellitus.