汉代赋用论的成立与变迁

The Establishment and Change of Prose Poem Theory in Han Dynasty

中国古代赋论由汉代肇端,历经两千余年之发展,形成了由"赋用"到"赋体"、"赋法"的批评路数,两汉正是赋用论成立与变迁的时期。西汉赋论以司马迁"讽谏说"与扬雄"丽则说"为代表,构成赋用论的基础。而由二刘(向、歆)的《诗赋略》到班固的《两都赋序》,正以其论述话语、治学背景、政教思想的不同,形成了由西汉到东汉赋用论的变化。东汉桓谭、王充、班固、张衡等学者论赋,既昭示了东汉赋家尚礼的治用观,又隐示了汉代赋用论向魏晋赋体论的潜移。

The prose poem theory in China began in Han Dynasty and developed into a pattern of criticism from ＂prose poem function＂to ＂prose poem entity ＂and ＂prose poem method＂,and Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties are the period in which the prose poem theory established and took on its change. The prose poem theory,represented by ＂allegory theory＂and＂elegance theory＂proposed by Sima Qian and Yang Xiong respectively in Western Han Dynasty constitutes the fundamental part of the theory of prose poem function; while Shi Fu Lue of Liu Xiang and Liu Xin,and Liang Du Fu Xu of Ban Gu witnessed the change of the theory of prose poem function from Western Han Dynasty to Eastern Han Dynasty in discourse,study context,and political and educational thoughts. The prose poem study of Huan Tan,Wang Chong,Ban Gu,Zhang Heng,and others in Eastern Han Dynasty,on one hand,declares the functional viewof prose poem scholars who advocate rites; on the other hand,shows an implicit change from the theory of prose poem function in Han Dynasty to the theory of prose poem entity in Wei and Jin Dynasties.