道路交通事故外部成本及其内部化机制研究

Road Traffic Accident External Cost and Its Internalization Mechanism

新增驾驶行为会增加其他车辆的事故风险,进而导致道路交通的事故外部成本,这种由车辆间相互作用而产生的事故外部成本有别于其传统的定义。基于我国2001-2012年的省级面板数据,使用工具面板模型实证研究了交通密度对事故成本的影响,结果表明:在高交通密度地区,无论是按单位车辆还是单位里程计算的事故外部成本,都明显高于其它地区。为内部化事故外部成本,除增加交通供给与征收交通庇古税外,里程定价车险能通过边际激励机制有效地减少行驶里程,降低社会和个人交通成本,缓解交通拥堵和污染问题,并有助于实现车险公平定价。

The increase of driving behavior would uplift the accident risk of other vehicles on the road,which consequently leads to the accident external costs.This kind of external costs is resulted from the mutual effect of vehicles and thus is different from the traditional definition of accident external costs.Based on the provincial panel data from 2001 to 2012in China,this paper empirically investigated the impact of traffic density on accident costs,and estimated on the external costs in different areas.It shows that the accident external costs,no matter by per vehicle or per kilometer,are significantly larger in high traffic density areas than in other areas.To internalize the accident external costs,besides increasing the traffic supply and levying traffic Pigou tax,Pay-As-You-Drive insurance could decrease the vehicle travel miles by marginal incentive,lower the public and individual traffic costs,and relieve the traffic congestion and pollution problems.It could also help achieve the fairness of the vehicle insurance pricing.