论正当化行为分步判断之提倡

The Advocate of Step-by-step Judgment to Legitimate Action

正当化行为与违法阻却事由并不是同一回事。对于正当化行为应进行前后两个步骤的判断,第一步是正当化行为成立要件的判断,这是从事实层面解决正当化行为是什么的问题;第二步是判断其是否符合犯罪构成,主要是看其能否阻却违法或阻却责任,这是解决在刑法上如何处理正当化行为的问题。有关正当防卫的防卫意识之必要和不要的争论,实质上是违法阻却事由的主观正当化要素之必要和不要的争论,正当防卫成立要件本身需要防卫意识;偶然防卫不是正当防卫,但不意味着其一定构成犯罪;紧急避险成立要件中的"必要限度"应解释为排除危险保护合法权益所必需的限度,然后再根据具体情况通过法益衡量判断其是否阻却违法。

Legitimate behavior and illegal deterrent reason are not the same thing.There are two steps in justifying the legitimate behavior：the first step is to justify the establishment requirements of judgment,this is the factual justification of legitimate behavior;the second step is to determine whether they conform with the crime constitution,mainly to see whether they are crime or liability deterrent.This is the solution to the problem of justifying behavior with criminal law.The core of the dispute about the necessity of justifiable defense is virtually the disagreement about the necessity of the subjective factor legitimization of illegal deterrent.Defense consciousness is a condition of legal defense while the accidental defense is not self-defense.However it doesn＇t mean that it must be a crime.The＂limit＂in necessary emergency actions established condition should be interpreted as limits necessary to rule out risks and protect the legitimate rights,and then be measured in the specific situation and by law on whether it is illegal deterrent.