构式发展视角的语法化研究

A Study of Grammaticalization from the Perspective of Construction Development

构式扩展和构式组分凝固是构式历时发展的两种常见形式。构式扩展过程中某一组分处于固定和核心位置,当构式扩展达到一定程度时,该核心组分经历语法化。构式组分凝固是指旧构式的多个组分经整合后凝固为一个不可分析的新组分,成为具有情态和语法功能的句法框架结构,是一种语法化现象。构式的发展常伴随着语言参与者对构式的创新使用,由此引起构式的内部错配或构式与外部语境的错配。对这两种错配的压制可以看作是语义演变和语法化的动因。

Construction extension and component fusion are two of the common types of construction development. During construction extension,one component stays at a core and fixed position, and it undergoes grammaticalization when the extension reaches a certain degree. Component fusion is a process where several components are condensed into an unanalyzable component and achieve the status of modal syntactic structure,which is a process of grammaticalization. The development of construction is often accompanied by its creative use, which results in internal mismatches and the mismatches between the construction and its context. The coercion of these mismatches gives a new explanation of the mechanism of semantic evolution and grammaticalization.