机器、疾病与后人文主义——格雷《拉纳克》中的“人形自动机”解读

Machine,Disease and Posthumanism:The Androids in Alasdair Gray's Lanark

在赛博格方兴未艾之时,苏格兰作家阿拉斯代尔·格雷就以超乎寻常的文学想象虚构了现代都市中的"人形自动机"形象。在其代表作《拉纳克》(1981)中,艺术家邓肯·索尔的灵魂(即拉纳克)来到没有阳光、没有温暖的安森克,他患上一种叫作"龙皮"的顽疾,而他的女友芮玛则沦为一个经典的"人形自动机"。芮玛、会说话的电梯、鸟类飞机、机器人警察,把人类带入了机器横行的现代世界。和龙皮一样,人形自动机是现代都市的顽疾,是只有爱和温暖才能治愈的病症。格雷笔下的安森克是现代格拉斯哥的缩影,而邓肯·索尔对艺术和人文精神矢志不渝的追求,则代表着人类对后人文主义的抵制。

As Cyborg is yet to gather momentum,Alasdair Gray has invented the androids in modern cities with his extraordinary literary imagination. In Lanark （1981） ,Duncan Thaw came to Unthank,a city that was totally deprived of sunlight and warmth and suffered from a disease called ＂ dragonhide＂. Rima, his sweetheart,was reduced to a typical android. Rima, talking lift, robot security man and bird planes had brought forth a world of machines. Like dragonhide, the androids served as the malady of a modern city. Only love and warmth,which had been insulated from Unthank,could cure the horrible diseases. Unthank was the microcosm of modern Glasgow,and Duncan Thaw＇s relentless pursuit of art and humanism stood for human being＇s resistance to posthumanism.