大理地区小学生日光暴露与光防护行为调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Sun Exposure and Sun Protection Behaviors among Primary Students in Dali Area

目的：分析大理地区小学生光暴露与光防护的现状与行为特点,为儿童正确防晒提供理论指导。方法：对大理市两所小学4-6年级学生进行问卷调查,问题有户外活动时间及日晒情况、防晒措施等。数据采用卡方检验及t检验分析。结果：共384人完成有效问卷,平均年龄（11±1.46）岁,受调查者上学期间、周末的光暴露时间大致为2 h/d和3-4 h/d,男孩光暴露时间较女孩长,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。体育课多安排在上午10点-下午4点;夏天体育课,87.24%的学生着短袖,防晒化妆品每天使用者仅5.47%,74.48%的学生从来不用,男孩很少使用,与女孩相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。室外活动时53.38%学生选择阴凉处,33.85%的学生着长袖、长裤,男女生比较无差异。22.14%的学生戴帽子,男生多于女生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。4.16%学生打伞,女生比男生多,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。15.63%的学生戴墨镜,男女生比较无差异。结论：在紫外线最强时段小学生光暴露时间较多,大部分学生缺乏光防护措施,其中男孩曝光时间长而防护不足尤为明显,应加强小学生的防晒教育。

Objective： To analyze the status and behaviors of primary student＇s sun exposure and sun protection in Dali area.Methods： Questionnaire was carried out in grade four and six pupils from two primary schools. The questionnaire investigated aspects of outdoor activities, sun exposure, and sun protection. And the data were analyzed by chi-square criterion. Results： Three hundred and eighty-four students with average age of 11±1.46 were surveyed. The exposure time was 2 h/d in workday and 3-4 h/d in weekend,boys were exposed longer than that of girls. The difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. PE was opened from 10 am to 4 pm and in summer 87.24% pupils were dressed in short sleeves. Only 5.47% pupils applied sunscreen everyday, while 74.48% never used.Male pupils rarely applied sunscreen, compared with female pupils the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. 53.38% pupils stayed in cool places, 33.85% in long- sleeves and long pants during outdoor activities. 22.14% wore hats, the difference was statistically significant between male and female students（P〈0.05）. 4.16% used umbrella under the sun, most of them were girls.15.63% wore sunglassess, without statistic difference among male and female. Conclusion： Primary school students, especially male pupils in Dali area were long exposed to sunlight with little effective protective measures. Ultraviolet irradiation awareness and protection should be strengthened.