具体标识法在改善NICU医疗废物混放中的效果

Specific labeling method in improving mixed placing of medical waste in neonatal intensive care unit

目的探讨具体标识法在改善新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医疗废物混放中的效果。方法收集2014年7—12月某院NICU病房内34个垃圾桶医疗废物分类情况,7—9月为具体标识法实施前期,10—12月为实施后期,比较实施前后医疗废物混放分类情况。结果共调查NICU病房内504例医疗废物分类情况,具体标识法实施前后各252例,共发现混放现象74例。具体标识法实施前废物混放率(25.40%,64/252)高于实施后(3.97%,10/252),差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.187,P<0.001);具体标识法实施前感染性废物放入非感染性废物、非感染性废物放入感染性废物者共57例,实施后仅为8例。医疗废物混放人员分布主要以进修与实习生为主,实施前后分别占39.06%、50.00%。结论具体标识法规范化管理医疗废物,能改善NICU医疗废物分类情况,同时提高各类医务人员规范处理医疗废物的依从性。

Objective To explore the effect of specific labeling method in improving the mixed placing of medical waste in neonatal intensive care unit（NICU）.Methods Medical waste classification of 34 trash cans in the NICU of a hospital between July and December 2014 were investigated,July-September was pre-implementation phase of specific labeling,October-December was post-implementation phase,mixed placing of medical waste between pre-and post-implementation phase was compared.Results A total of 504 cases of medical waste classification in NICU were investigated,252 cases respectively in pre-and post-implementation phase,74 cases of mixed placing were found.Mixed placing rates before implementing specific labeling was higher than after implementing（25.40%[64/252]vs3.97%[10/252],χ2=46.187,P0.001）;before implementing specific labeling,57 cases of infectious waste and non-infectious waste were mixed placing,after implementing specific labeling,only 8 cases of infectious waste and non-infectious waste were mixed placing.Mixed placing were mainly performed by trainees for in-service training and interns,accounting for 39.06% before implementing and 50.00% after implementing.Conclusion The specific labeling for standardizing and managing of medical waste can improve the classification of medical waste in NICU,significantly improve the compliance of all kinds of health care workers to the standard handling of medical waste.