从《世说新语》中妻子形象看刘义庆的女性观

On Liu Yiqing's Contradictory View of Women from the Images of Wife in his Shi Shuo Xin Yu

《世说新语》作为魏晋南北朝时期志人小说的代表,选录了大量的女性题材,有具体语言行为描写的就有80则,其中有40则和妻子相关。笔者对这些妻子的形象进行分类,分别是:长于品鉴、大胆善辩型的妻子;卿卿我我、情深意重型的妻子;嫉妒狠毒、贪婪凶悍型的妻子;处事不惊、聪慧过人以及谨慎知礼型的妻子。她们都展现了魏晋时期不同女性的风采。刘义庆在对这些妻子的形象进行选录和分门别类时,显示出矛盾的女性观:既有恪守封建礼教的旧思想,又有魏晋时期任性自然的新思想。这种矛盾的女性观除了与编撰者刘义庆的个人经历有直接的关系外,同时还与魏晋南北朝这一特殊时期的社会和思想也有着千丝万缕的联系。

Shi Shuo Xin Yu,a representative novel that describes people ＇s verbal behavior in Southern and Northern Dynasties,collects a lot of topics about women,and among its 80 clauses describing in details women＇s verbal behavior,40 clauses are related to the wives. This article attempts to classify these images into four types：the wives who are good at observing people and debating with courage; the wives who passionately devote to their husbands; the wives who are vicious,jealous,greedy and aggressive; and the wives who are intellegent,calm,polite and well informed. All these displays the women feature in Wei Jin Dynasty. Meanwhile,Liu Yiqing＇s view of women is contradictory： a combination of the traditional feudal ethics idea and the new idea of advocating personality nature in Wei and Jin Dynasty. This contradictory view of women has a direct relationship with Liu Yiqing＇s personal experience,and more or less with the society and ideology of his days.