紧急疏散路径选择行为的实验研究

Experimental study on behavior of route selection in emergency evacuation

通过可控的人群疏散实验来分析紧急情况下的人群疏散规律。实验选取了建筑物出口位置、出口宽度设置作为实验变量开展。主要关注的参数有疏散时间和疏散速度。疏散人群在实验中自行选择认为最合适的路线。实验结果指出,在紧急情况下出口的距离和宽度共同影响了疏散的整体效率和疏散过程中的拥挤程度。女性的疏散行为值得关注,并且行人在疏散过程中,是分阶段决策疏散路径的,在仿真模型中可通过局部路径规划算法实现。疏散场景的布局对疏散效率的提高有较大影响,单纯增加局部出口的宽度以及缩短疏散路径对于提高整体疏散效率帮助不大。本研究成果对疏散模型的改进以及建筑设计有一定的指导意义。

A controllable experiment was conducted to analyze the regularity of crowd evacuation under emergency. The position and width of exits in the building were selected as experimental variables,and the parameters of evacuation time and evacuation speed were mainly focused. The evacuation crowd selected the most appropriate route thought by themselves. The experimental results showed that the distance and width of exits will jointly influence the overall evacuation efficiency and the crowding degree in evacuation process. The evacuation behaviors of women deserve some attention. The decision- making of evacuation route for personnel in evacuation process was carried out by stages,which can be realized in simulation model through local route planning. The layout of evacuation scene has larger influence on the improvement of evacuation efficiency,and simply increasing the width of local exit and shortening the evacuation route have little assistance to increase the overall evacuation efficiency. The results have a certain guiding significance for the improvement of evacuation model and design of buildings.