社区中危以上跌倒风险老年人知信行调查研究

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Fall Prevention among Elderly People with Moderate or High Risk of Fall in Community

目的分析社区中危以上跌倒风险老年人跌倒预防知信行现状。方法对上海市南码头街道某居委≥65岁老年人进行跌倒风险评估,从中选取100名中危以上跌倒风险的老年人,采用自编社区老年人跌倒预防知信行问卷进行调查。结果社区中危以上跌倒风险老年人跌倒预防知识得分为(22.21±4.62)分,总知晓率为53.8%;信念得分为(10.23±2.71)分,得分率为68.2%;行为得分为(19.34±3.39)分,得分率为64.5%。社区老年人跌倒预防知信行与老年人跌倒家居环境危险因素评分呈负相关(均P<0.001)。结论社区中危以上跌倒风险老年人跌倒预防知识、信念、行为较差,社区医护人员应有针对性地实施健康教育,提高其跌倒预防知识知晓率,促进跌倒预防的积极正向态度的形成,纠正不良行为,最终减少老年人跌倒事件的发生。

Objective To investigate the current status of the KAP （knowledge, attitude and practice） of fall prevention among elderly people with moderate or high risk of fall in community. Methods Fall risk assessment was implemented among 100 people with moderate or high risk of fall, aged 65 years or above, in South-dock Community Health Service Center, Pudong New Area, Shanghai were selected and completed a self-designed questionnaire on KAP of fall prevention. Results The sample scored 22.21± 4.62 in knowledge, with a total awareness rate of 53.8%; 10.23±2.71 in attitude, with a scoring percentage of 68.2%; 19.34±3.39 in practice, with a scoring percentage of 64.5%. The KAP of fall prevention had negative correlations with risk factors of fall in their living environment among elderly people （all P〈0.001）. Conclusion Elderly people with moderate or high risk of fall in community present poor KAP of fall prevention. It is suggested that high-quality health education by community health workers should be provided for elderly people with risk to improve their KAP of fall prevention, eventually, decrease the rate of fall in elderly people.