杜甫五律体制研究之一

One Study on Du Fu's Five-character Octave System

杜甫五律的声律体制是:严守声律三项规则,即全诗由律句(正格律句或变格律句)构成、一联中两句声调对立、邻联声调相粘;完全由正格律句组成者共计283首,占总数的45%,其余则由正格律句和变格律句混合组成;其变格律句有三种类型,在创作中起到重要作用;使用四种平仄格式,而以首句仄起仄收式(458首)为主。其韵律体制是:押韵严格依照平水韵,总计625首中仅有一首出韵;使用韵部广泛,覆盖了平水韵28个平声韵部;大量使用宽韵,以便于表意抒情,拒绝在押韵上争奇斗险。其对仗体制是:对仗规则的严密化;对仗数量的富态化;对仗种类的多样化。

The rhythm system of Du Fu＇s Five-character Octave is： strictly observe three rules of rhythm,that is,those poems constituted by standardized sentences（ correct standardized sentences or changed standardized sentences）,two tonal contrast in one couplet,adjacent tone phase viscosity between two couplets; There are 283 poems to be made by standardized sentences in Du Fu ＇s Five-character Octave,which accounted for 45%,and the others composed by correct standardized sentences and changed standardized sentences; There are three types in the changed standardized sentences,with important role in the creation; Du Fu has used four tonal patterns,mainly the first word＇s oblique tones and the end word＇s oblique tones（ a totalof 458 example）. His rhyme system is： Rhyme strictly uses with Ping Shui Yun,with one exception in all 625 Fivecharacter Octave; His rhyme＇s categories have used widely,covered 28 level rhymes in Ping Shui Yun; He has used a large number of extensive rhyme in order to facilitate the emotion expressing,and refused to bucket odd risks in narrow rhymes. His antithesis system is： antithesis rules are strict; antithesis quantity is plump; antithesis types are variety.