国际民商事条约在国内适用问题之理论探讨与实践完善

Theoretical Exploration and Practical Improvement of the Internal Application of International Civil and Commercial Treaties

法律的生命在于实施。作为与国内私人权益密切相关的国际民商事条约如何在国内明确及有效地适用是完整履行中国国际义务、最大程度保护私人合法权益的一个重要问题。目前适用国际民商事条约存在"直接适用"和"间接适用"两种途径,而司法机关在"直接适用"和"间接适用"国际民商事条约的实践中也产生了一些亟待解决的问题。目前,我国法律法规与参加的国际条约尚未一致,将不利于维护我国国家利益和我国私主体的利益。反映社会需要和社会环境的司法实践已对我国从整体上修改和完善国际民商事条约的适用提出了迫切的要求。因此,随着中国国际地位的提高,缔结条约数量的增多,明确国际民商事条约不同的适用方式、解决法院直接适用和间接适用过程中暴露出来的情况,绝非是"可有可无"的小问题,从整体上完善国际民商事条约的国内适用值得我们相当的重视。

Emphasizing the law enforcement is the life of contemporary rule of law in China. The application of international civil and commercial treaties,which has close relations with the domestic private subject,is an important issue of performing completely our international obligation and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of private subject to the fullest extent. It is demonstrated that two distinct pathways exist in applying international civil and commercial treaties： applying directly,and applying indirectly,which has also arisen a number of problems in judicial practice. As China＇s international prestige grow significantly,China has involved in and will continue to involve in more and more international treaties. The suggestion for improving the overall status deserves to be paid attention.