不同有机培肥对黑土团聚体含量及特征的影响

Effects of different organic fertilizers on content and characteristics of black soil aggregates

【目的】研究不同有机培肥处理对土壤团聚体形成和稳定性的影响。【方法】以吉林中部地区黑土为供试土壤,通过3年培肥盆栽试验,以不施用任何肥料为对照（CK）,研究不同有机肥料（牛粪、鸡粪、树叶、猪粪、菌渣、秸秆、稻糠、草炭）及化肥对土壤团聚体含量、稳定性参数（团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）、平均几何直径（GMD））以及分形维数（D）的影响。【结果】各处理粒径≥0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量为77.82%～89.18%,表现为：草炭〉牛粪〉鸡粪〉树叶〉化肥〉菌渣〉秸秆〉稻糠〉CK〉猪粪;各处理粒径≥0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量为47.04%～62.18%,表现为：秸秆〉稻糠〉树叶〉牛粪〉菌渣〉猪粪〉草炭〉化肥〉CK〉鸡粪。各处理土壤机械稳定性团聚体MWD和GMD值大小顺序均为：草炭〉猪粪〉化肥〉秸秆〉牛粪〉菌渣〉树叶〉稻糠〉鸡粪〉CK;各处理土壤水稳性团聚体MWD由大到小的顺序为：牛粪〉菌渣〉鸡粪〉秸秆〉稻糠〉草炭〉猪粪〉树叶〉化肥〉CK,GMD由大到小的顺序为：秸秆〉牛粪〉菌渣〉稻糠〉鸡粪〉草炭〉猪粪〉树叶〉化肥〉CK。各处理机械稳定性团聚体的分形维数为2.441～2.626,表现为：CK〉稻糠〉猪粪〉菌渣〉秸秆〉鸡粪〉树叶〉化肥〉牛粪〉草炭。各处理水稳性团聚体分形维数由高到低的顺序为：CK〉化肥〉草炭〉鸡粪〉猪粪〉菌渣〉牛粪〉树叶〉稻糠〉秸秆,所有培肥处理均显著低于CK。【结论】培肥处理有利于提高土壤机械稳定性和水稳性团聚体含量,增加土壤稳定性,改善土壤结构状况。

【Objective】The influence of different organic fertilizers on the formation and stability of soil aggregates was studied.【Method】The black soil in Central Jilin was tested through 3years＇ fertilization experiment.Comparing with no fertilizer（CK）and chemical fertilizers,the influence of different organic fertilizers（cattle manure,chicken manure,leaves,pig manure,mushroom residue,straw,rice chaff,and peat）on stability of soil aggregates,parameters（MWD and GMD）and fractal dimension was analyzed.【Result】The contents of mechanical stable aggregates with diameter of ≥0.25 mm were 77.82%-89.18% with the decreasing order ofpeat〉cow dung〉chicken manure〉leaves〉fertilizers〉mushroom residue〉straw〉rice straw〉CK〉pig manure.The contents of water stable aggregates with diameter of≥0.25 mm were 47.04%-62.18%,and the decreasing order was straw〉rice straw〉leaves〉cow dung〉mushroom residue〉pig manure〉peat〉fertilizers〉CK〉chicken manure. The order of MWD and GMD of mechanical stable aggregates was peat〉pig manure〉fertilizers〉straw〉cow dung〉mushroom residue〉 leaves〉rice straw〉ehicken manure〉CK. The order of MWD of water stable aggregates was cow dung〉 mushroom residue〉 chicken manure 〉 straw 〉 rice straw 〉 peat 〉 pig manure 〉 leaves 〉 fertilizers 〉 CK, while that of MWD of water stable aggregates was straw〉cow dung〉mushroom residue〉rice straw〉 chicken manure〉peat 〉 pig manure〉 leaves〉 fertilizers 〉 CK. Fractal dimension of mechanical stable ag- gregates was 2. 441--2. 626 with a decreasing order of CK〉rice straw〉pig manure〉mushroom residue〉 straw〉chicken manure〉leaves〉fertilizers〉cow dung〉peat, while the order of fractal dimension of water stable aggregates was CK 〉 fertilizers 〉 peat 〉 chicken manure 〉 pig manure 〉 mushroom residue 〉 cow dung〉leaves〉rice straw〉straw. [Conclusion] Fertilization treatments improved stability of mechanical stable aggregates and contents of water stable aggregates, increased soil stability, and enhanced soil struc- ture.