“五哗六哗”与黎平军民府的设立

“Wu Hua Liu Hua”and the Establishment of Military and Civilian Prefecture in Liping

明初先后在今贵州省黎平县设置五开卫和黎平府,卫管屯兵,隶湖广都司,府领各长官司,隶贵州布政使司,形成府卫同城而分隶二省的格局。嘉靖以来,军政废弛,卫所凋残,导致非法的"款军"横行无忌,他们不仅欺压黎平府官员,而且常殴打、驱逐守备等卫所长官。而卫司捕等官员勒索卫军,是"五哗六哗"兵变的直接原因。朝廷平定卫军叛乱后,为解决困扰黔楚两省的款军问题,决定设置黎平军民府,以府辖卫,使黎平成为黔楚一重镇。

Wu Kaiwei and Liping prefecture were established in Liping county,Guizhou province in the early of Ming Dynasty. Wei was in charge of stationing troops belonged to Hu-guang provinces,while the Liping prefecture leaded the minority headmen belonged to provincial administration of Guizhou. It formed a situation that prefecture and Wei were established in the one county,but belonged to different provinces. During the reign of Jiajing,due to the decline of military,government and Wei,the illegal military ran amuck,who both bullied officers in Liping prefecture,but expelled the heads of Wei Suo. However,the issue triggering ＂Wu Hua Liu Hua＂mutiny was that officers extorted money from Wei army. After suppressing the rebel,the imperial court established military and civilian prefecture in Liping in order to deal with illegal army in Qian-Chu provinces,between which the prefecture administrated Wei. So Liping became a vital centre.