黔桂边区侗族火灾防范习惯法研究

Dong's Custom Law on Fire Protection in the Border Area of Guizhou and Guangxi

世居于黔桂边界山区的侗族,木楼鳞次栉比,聚成山寨。木楼与木楼之间过道窄狭,陡滑难行。侗族有多处在高寒山区,平时多用木柴烤火,一有不慎,很容易发生火灾,火灾一旦发生,救火也特别困难。历史上几乎每个村寨都发生过大小不同的火灾,所以防火工作是每个侗族村寨和家庭的头等大事。侗族传统"款约"有很多火灾防范及事后处理的规定,现今村规民约对火警、火灾也有较多的规定,很多村寨又有"消防公约"或"消防与森防村规民约"。基于传统的惩罚观念和民间禁忌,侗族村寨还保留"喊寨""扫寨"习惯活动。

The Dong people in the border area of Guizhou and Guangxi have been living in a mountain village with wooden houses. The aisles between houses are very narrow,steep and slippery. With the mountainous area,the Dong people usually keep themselves warm by a fire,which is prone to fire and particularly difficult in firefighting. There ever existed different scales of fire in every Dong village in history so that fire prevention is a top priority for every family and village. There are many regulations on fire prevention and solutions in the Dong Traditional ＂Convention / Contract＂. At present,there still exist such regulations as ＂Fire Protection Convention＂and ＂Fire and Forest Fire Protection Conventions＂in some Dong village. Due to the traditional punishment idea and folk taboo,such activities as ＂Hanzhai＂and ＂Saozhai＂still exist in Dong villages.