石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的生物体毒性研究进展

Progress in toxicity of graphene and graphene oxide in organisms

由于石墨烯功能材料具有优异的电子、光学等特性,已经被广泛应用在光伏电池、航空航天、生物传感、疾病诊断、细菌抑制、抗病毒材料等领域.随着其广泛的研究和应用,石墨烯和氧化石墨烯衍生物开始在空气、水和土壤中出现.这类物质粒径很小,容易进入生物体,与组织、细胞、细胞器和蛋白质等生物大分子相互作用,导致组织或细胞的功能紊乱.然而目前关于石墨烯及其衍生物的生物体毒性研究还不多.主要综述了近几年石墨烯和氧化石墨烯衍生物对生物体的影响,分析石墨烯相关材料对生物体作用的毒性机理,阐述其生物危害性,为石墨烯类产业发展所需要防范的环境风险提供基础信息,最后提出了对石墨烯及其衍生物进行定量研究生物毒性的重要性,以及含石墨烯类垃圾的处理方法.

Graphene and graphene oxide（GO）have widely been applied in optoelectronic materials,biomedicine,wastewater and drinking water treatment,medical apparatus,bacteriostatic and anti-viral,degradation organic pollutant and coating materials for filtration since graphene was discovered in 2004.In 2014,requirement of graphene is up to 1000 tons in the world.With graphene derivatives being widely used as functional materials,graphene derivative particles have been existed in air,water and soil.Graphene and GO from environment can easily enter organisms to interact with tissues,cells,organelles and other biological macromolecules due to their small size.It would be further result in abnormal function of organisms.In this paper,toxicity of graphene and graphene oxide derivative for living things was summarized.Mechanisms of graphene derivatives harming organs of living things were reviewed.The environmental risks of grapheme and graphene oxide were evaluated.At last,the article provides information about the health risks of graphene and oxidation graphene.We also recommend that the quantitative research in toxicity of graphene and graphene oxide derivative for organisms is of important.What＇s more,potential degradation methods ofgraphene derivatives were suggested.