地缘经济背景下的老挝橡胶林地扩张监测及其影响研究综述

Review of remote sensing monitoring and socioeconomic and environmental impacts of rubber plantation expansion in Laos in the geoeconomic context

20世纪90年代以来,在全球橡胶市场和地缘经济合作机制的影响下,作为中南半岛唯一的内陆国家,老挝正在经历以橡胶林扩展种植为主导的土地覆被/土地利用变化(LCLUC)。橡胶扩展种植不仅对全球最大的橡胶消费国——中国进口天然橡胶至关重要,其引起的LCLUC也对老挝国内农户社会经济和生态环境造成了深刻影响。本文首先总结了老挝橡胶林种植模式、扩展机制和发展潜力,其次回顾了老挝橡胶扩展种植相关研究进展及橡胶林遥感方法研究进展。综述表明:老挝境内橡胶林种植模式、适宜性空间评价、遥感监测、社会经济与生态环境影响评估研究,总体上仍处于起步阶段。迄今,有关老挝全国层面的橡胶林种植和扩展地理分布及时空变化信息仍非常缺乏,同时橡胶林种植与快速扩展对农户生计和自然环境(水土流失、水源涵养和生物多样性等)影响尚缺乏系统研究,这也是未来需要优先关注的研究方向。本文有助于更好地理解老挝橡胶林扩展特征及其社会与环境影响,既可为指导老挝橡胶种植业有序良性发展提供科技支撑,也可为中国海南与云南等省橡胶发展提供借鉴。

Since the launch of the Greater Mekong Sub-region Economic Cooperation Program in 1992, driven by the global natural rubber market and geoeconomic cooperation mechanisms, Laos, the only land- locked country in mainland Southeast Asia is experiencing rapid land cover and land use change（LCLUC） due to the rapid establishment and expansion of rubber plantations. Rubber production expansion in Laos is of great importance for China, the largest country of rubber consumption globally, and the rubber- related LCLUC also causes dramatic socioeconomic and environmental impacts within Laos. Therefore, it is important to review rubber plantation establishment and expansion and related remote sensing and impacts studies reported during the last two decades. In this study, after briefly introducing the production, expansion mechanism, and development potential of rubber plantations in Laos, we systematically summarized the research progress on remote sensing monitoring and socioeconomic and environmental impacts of rubber plantation expansion. The review shows that existing studies lack of updated spatial information（extent and distribution） on the establishment and expansion of rubber plantations at the national scale. Effects in the socioeconomic（livelihoods） and environmental（soil erosion, water conservation, biodiversity, etc.） systems are not fully understood. These issues are also the research directions in the future. This study may help improve understanding of the characteristics of rubber plantation expansion and related impacts, and provide guidance for a sound development of rubber industry. In addition, it provides important information for rubber plantation development in Hainan and Yunnan Provinces in China.