北京市等时间交通圈的范围、形态与结构特征

Scope, shape, and structural characteristics of traffic circles of equal travel time in Beijing

不同层次和范围的交通圈是经济社会空间组织的重要依据。本文运用网络分析与成本加权距离集成算法,设计了定量界定交通圈的技术路线。在此基础上,以通勤便捷为目标,提出1小时交通圈内部圈层的划分方法和轨道交通服务指数,据此分析了北京1小时交通圈的内部层次和结构特征;以经济分工协调为目标,基于时空距离与交通方式,划分北京一日交通圈的圈层,并提出交通廊道的界定方法,据此探讨了北京一日交通圈内部各廊道地区的空间范围与经济基础。结果显示:北京市等时间交通圈的形态受高速交通影响较大,具有显著的偏向式延伸特点,并在边缘地带形成少量"岛";轨道交通对北京市1小时交通圈的支撑力度较弱,未来应加强重点方向的轨道交通建设;根据各廊道的具体情况,京津廊道、京唐廊道是京津冀协同发展的重要载体,京石廊道宜定位为承接北京地区产业转移的重点地区,京承廊道与京张廊道则适宜发展生态型经济。

Traffic circles of different hierarchies and scopes are an important basis for the spatial organization of socioeconomic activities. With the integration of network analysis and cost- weighted distance analysis, a technical framework was designed for the quantitative identification of traffic circles. Taking commuting convenience as the primary factor, a classification of hierarchies within one hour traffic circles and a rail transportation service index were put forward. The hierarchical and structural characteristics of the one hour traffic circle of Beijing were analyzed with real-time data. Then, taking the coordination of economic activities as the primary factor, the zones inside the one day traffic circle of Beijing were divided on the basis of travel time and modes of transport. According to the spatial convergence effect of transportation infrastructure, traffic corridors were identified, and the spatial scope and economic foundation of traffic corridors inside the one day traffic circle of Beijing were analyzed with real-time data. The results indicate that the scope and shape of traffic circles of equal travel time in Beijing are greatly influenced by high- speed transportation infrastructure. These circles have significantly greater extension along high- speed transport infrastructure, and there are some＂islands＂on the fringe. Rail transportation provides little support within the one hour traffic circle and construction of rail transportation infrastructure in the key directions should be a priority in the future. With regard to the traffic corridors inside the one day traffic circle of Beijing, the Beijing-Tianjin corridor and BeijingTangshan corridor are important transport lines for the collaborative development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province. The Beijing-Shijiazhuang corridor should become an important recipient area for industrial transfer of Beijing. The Beijing-Chengde corridor and Beijing-Zhangjiakou corridor are suitable for developing ecological or green economy.