云南省彝良县震后灾区甲型肝炎疫苗群体性接种效果分析

Analysis of a Mass Immunization Campaign of Hepatitis A Vaccine in an Earthquake Area in Yiliang,Yunnan Province

目的评价彝良县地震灾区18月龄~14岁儿童甲型肝炎疫苗（Hepatitis A Vaccine,Hep A）群体性接种情况和流行病学效果。方法采用回顾性描述的方法对彝良县4个灾区乡镇的Hep A接种率、甲肝发病情况进行分析。结果4个乡镇共接种Hep A 50 584名儿童,报告接种率（98.36%）高于调查接种率（86.11%）和快速评估接种率（74.77%）。接种乡镇与对照乡镇比较,甲肝疫情下降趋势明显,发病率从2010年313.03/10万下降至2013年39.35/10万。接种Hep A后无14岁以下甲肝病例报告。接种中仅发生2例轻微疑似预防接种异常反应。结论本次地震灾后Hep A群体性接种经过科学、规范的组织,达到预防甲肝流行的效果,为今后类似灾后免疫规划应对积累了经验。

Objective To assess the immunization coverage and epidemiological effect of a mass immunization campaign with hepatitis A vaccine（Hep A） among children aged 18 months to 14 years in an earthquake area in Yiliang county of Yunnan province.Methods Descriptive statistical methods were used to estimate immunization coverage and the incidence of hepatitis A in 4 earthquake townships of Yiliang.Results A total of 50 584 children in 4 townships were vaccinated with Hep A.The reported Hep A vaccination coverage（98.36%） was higher than coverage estimated by investigation（86.11%） and by a rapid coverage assessment method（74.77%） in 4 townships in Yiliang.The incidence of hepatitis A decreased in the campaign townships,compared with the control townships,with no cases reported after vaccination of children aged 0-14 years.The incidence decreased from 313.03 per 100000 population in2010 to 39.35 per 100000 population in 2013.Only 2 mild adverse events following immunization were reported.Conclusions The Hep A immunization campaign in the earthquake areas was organized scientifically and normatively,and achieved the effect for control and prevention of hepatitis A.It provided experience for future immunization program responses to disasters.